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It involves seven basic facial expressions that can be used to determine a target selecting task, while hand gestures are used to control a cursor\u2019s location. A controlled experiment was designed and conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid technology. A series of target selecting tasks with different target widths and layouts were designed to examine the recognition accuracy of hybrid control gestures. An interactive experiment applied to a rehabilitation robot is designed to verify the feasibility of this interactive technology applied to rehabilitation robots. The experimental results show that the \u201chand + facial expression\u201d interactive gesture has strong robustness, which can provide a novel guideline for designing applications in VR interfaces, and it can be applied to the rehabilitation robots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T03:05:56Z","timestamp":1672110356000},"page":"237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hybrid Target Selections by \u201dHand Gestures + Facial Expression\u201d for a Rehabilitation Robot"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-Cho, Kochi 782-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuguang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2797-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada-Cho, Kochi 782-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiufeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, I., and Hsieh, M.C. 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