{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:21:18Z","timestamp":1780586478612,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoa de N\u00edvel Superior\u2013Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoa de N\u00edvel Superior\u2013Brasil (CAPES)","award":["315298\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315298\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoa de N\u00edvel Superior\u2013Brasil (CAPES)","award":["51497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51497"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["315298\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315298\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["51497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51497"]}]},{"name":"Arauc\u00e1ria Foundation","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Arauc\u00e1ria Foundation","award":["315298\/2020-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315298\/2020-0"]}]},{"name":"Arauc\u00e1ria Foundation","award":["51497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51497"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Today\u2019s cars have dozens of sensors to monitor vehicle performance through different systems, most of which communicate via vehicular networks (CAN). Many of these sensors can be used for applications other than the original ones, such as improving the driver experience or creating new safety tools. An example is monitoring variables that describe the driver\u2019s behavior. Interactions with the pedals, speed, and steering wheel, among other signals, carry driving characteristics. However, not always all variables related to these interactions are available in all vehicles; for example, the excursion of the brake pedal. Using an acquisition module, data from the in-vehicle sensors were obtained from the CAN bus, the brake pedal (externally instrumented), and the driver\u2019s signals (instrumented with an inertial sensor and electromyography of their leg), to observe the driver and car information and evaluate the correlation hypothesis between these data, as well as the importance of the brake pedal signal not usually available in all car models. Different sets of sensors were evaluated to analyze the performance of three classifiers when analyzing the driver\u2019s driving mode. It was found that there are superior results in classifying identity or behavior when driver signals are included. When the vehicle and driver attributes were used, hits above 0.93 were obtained in the identification of behavior and 0.96 in the identification of the driver; without driver signals, accuracy was more significant than 0.80 in identifying behavior. The results show a good correlation between vehicle data and data obtained from the driver, suggesting that further studies may be promising to improve the accuracy of rates based exclusively on vehicle characteristics, both for behavior identification and driver identification, thus allowing practical applications in embedded systems for local signaling and\/or storing information about the driving mode, which is important for logistics companies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T04:35:43Z","timestamp":1672115743000},"page":"263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Correlation Analysis of In-Vehicle Sensors Data and Driver Signals in Identifying Driving and Driver Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1230-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas V.","family":"Bonfati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTFPR, Graduate Program in Electrical (PPGEE), Federal Technological University of Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5578-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 J. A.","family":"Mendes Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTFPR, Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI), Federal Technological University of Parana, Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1278-4602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Valadares","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTFPR, Graduate Program in Electrical (PPGEE), Federal Technological University of Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4783-5350","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Sergio L.","family":"Stevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTFPR, Graduate Program in Electrical (PPGEE), Federal Technological University of Parana, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"NHTSA (2019). 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