{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:26:25Z","timestamp":1764588385335,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H05728","2188001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H05728","2188001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015641","name":"Tateisi Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H05728","2188001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H05728","2188001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study addresses time intervals during robot control that dominate user satisfaction and factors of robot movement that induce satisfaction. We designed a robot control system using electromyography signals. In each trial, participants were exposed to different experiences as the cutoff frequencies of a low-pass filter were changed. The participants attempted to grab a bottle by controlling a robot. They were asked to evaluate four indicators (stability, imitation, response time, and movement speed) and indicate their satisfaction at the end of each trial by completing a questionnaire. The electroencephalography signals of the participants were recorded while they controlled the robot and responded to the questionnaire. Two independent component clusters in the precuneus and postcentral gyrus were the most sensitive to subjective evaluations. For the moment that dominated satisfaction, we observed that brain activity exhibited significant differences in satisfaction not immediately after feeding an input but during the later stage. The other indicators exhibited independently significant patterns in event-related spectral perturbations. Comparing these indicators in a low-frequency band related to the satisfaction with imitation and movement speed, which had significant differences, revealed that imitation covered significant intervals in satisfaction. This implies that imitation was the most important contributing factor among the four indicators. Our results reveal that regardless of subjective satisfaction, objective performance evaluation might more fully reflect user satisfaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T05:31:54Z","timestamp":1672205514000},"page":"277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Electroencephalography Reflects User Satisfaction in Controlling Robot Hand through Electromyographic Signals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hyeonseok","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Miyakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}]},{"given":"Yeongdae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Economics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"}]},{"given":"Sorawit","family":"Stapornchaisit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-0026, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7495-9113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natsue","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-0026, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8169-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuharu","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-0026, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2016.00017","article-title":"Assessment of a wearable force- and electromyography device and comparison of the related signals for myocontrol","volume":"10","author":"Connan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. 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