{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:05:44Z","timestamp":1778249144752,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China","award":["15207820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15207820"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China","award":["51908554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51908554"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China","award":["2020JJ5712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ5712"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15207820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15207820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51908554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51908554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JJ5712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ5712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["15207820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15207820"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51908554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51908554"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020JJ5712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ5712"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a muffler with simple geometry to effectively reduce low-frequency noise in ductwork systems. A muffler named infinity tube with an expansion chamber (ITEC) is developed from the infinity tube (IT). Theoretical and numerical analyses of wave propagation in the ITEC have been conducted in this paper. The transfer matrix method is adopted to predict transmission loss theoretically. The theoretical results are validated by the finite element method simulation. The comparison of the transmission loss between the IT and ITEC illustrates that the ITEC has an advantage in low-frequency noise reduction. The transmission loss results of the ITEC are compared with the Helmholtz resonator system to assess the potential for industrial application. Finally, the geometric parameters of the proposed ITEC on its noise attenuation performance have been analyzed. The proposed ITEC can effectively reduce low-frequency noise, and it is suitable for ductwork systems in constrained spaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T05:38:43Z","timestamp":1672205923000},"page":"305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Infinity Tube with an Expansion Chamber for Noise Control in the Ductwork System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9510-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheuk Ming","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenzhi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuen Wai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Munjal, M.L. 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