{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T01:29:09Z","timestamp":1772846949932,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Kent and East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust (EKHUFT)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inertial sensors are widely used in human motion monitoring. Orientation and position are the two most widely used measurements for motion monitoring. Tracking with the use of multiple inertial sensors is based on kinematic modelling which achieves a good level of accuracy when biomechanical constraints are applied. More recently, there is growing interest in tracking motion with a single inertial sensor to simplify the measurement system. The dead reckoning method is commonly used for estimating position from inertial sensors. However, significant errors are generated after applying the dead reckoning method because of the presence of sensor offsets and drift. These errors limit the feasibility of monitoring upper limb motion via a single inertial sensing system. In this paper, error correction methods are evaluated to investigate the feasibility of using a single sensor to track the movement of one upper limb segment. These include zero velocity update, wavelet analysis and high-pass filtering. The experiments were carried out using the nine-hole peg test. The results show that zero velocity update is the most effective method to correct the drift from the dead reckoning-based position tracking. If this method is used, then the use of a single inertial sensor to track the movement of a single limb segment is feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T03:19:46Z","timestamp":1672370386000},"page":"360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Upper Limb Position Tracking with a Single Inertial Sensor Using Dead Reckoning Method with Drift Correction Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1242-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew G.","family":"Pepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury CT1 3NG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhibao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1554-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice D.","family":"Mulvenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond R.","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dewar","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7648-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiru","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1ED, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Feigin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, November 01). 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