{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:33:54Z","timestamp":1780500834000,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union Next-GenerationEU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR)\u2014MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4\u2014D.D. 1032 17\/06\/2022","award":["CN00000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN00000022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Global climate change and exponential population growth pose a challenge to agricultural outputs. In this scenario, novel techniques have been proposed to improve plant growth and increase crop yields. Wearable sensors are emerging as promising tools for the non-invasive monitoring of plant physiological and microclimate parameters. Features of plant wearables, such as easy anchorage to different organs, compliance with natural surfaces, high flexibility, and biocompatibility, allow for the detection of growth without impacting the plant functions. This work proposed two wearable sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) within silicone matrices. The use of FBGs is motivated by their high sensitivity, multiplexing capacities, and chemical inertia. Firstly, we focused on the design and the fabrication of two plant wearables with different matrix shapes tailored to specific plant organs (i.e., tobacco stem and melon fruit). Then, we described the sensors\u2019 metrological properties to investigate the sensitivity to strain and the influence of environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, on the sensors\u2019 performance. Finally, we performed experimental tests to preliminary assess the capability of the proposed sensors to monitor dimensional changes of plants in both laboratory and open field settings. The promising results will foster key actions to improve the use of this innovative technology in smart agriculture applications for increasing crop products quality, agricultural efficiency, and profits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T03:19:46Z","timestamp":1672370386000},"page":"361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Plant Growth Monitoring: Design, Fabrication, and Feasibility Assessment of Wearable Sensors Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1507-231X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Lo Presti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9841-7861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Di Tocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cimini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8274-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Cinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3090-5623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Massaroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2200-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"D\u2019Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, FSN-TECFIS-MNF, ENEA Research Center of Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele A.","family":"Caponero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, FSN-TECFIS-MNF, ENEA Research Center of Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5938-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"De Gara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9696-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Schena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs (2019). 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