{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T05:26:40Z","timestamp":1769923600533,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015282","name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YJ166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YJ166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015282","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015282","name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021SZ02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SZ02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015282","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences (Shenzhen) Research and Design Institute Co. Ltd.","award":["2021YJ166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YJ166"]}]},{"name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences (Shenzhen) Research and Design Institute Co. Ltd.","award":["2021SZ02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SZ02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents the analogical assessment of the train-induced vibration and radiated noise in a proposed theater. The theater is to be constructed in a region with crowded metro lines, and the assessment is implemented in an analogical building with comparable structural type and metro condition. Prior to the assessment, the comparability of the analogical building with the theater is validated using the train-induced ground vibration. With the same horizontal distance from the metro line, the train-induced vibration level in the analogical building is 9 dB higher than that in the construction site of the theater. Such results indicate that the lack of soil layers may lead to a dramatic increase in train-induced vibration in the building. In the staircase of the analogical building, the train-induced radiated noise reached 55 dB (A), which is 10 dB (A) higher than the daytime allowable level. As the most important indicator, the noise rating number in the cinema of the analogical building is NR-43, which put forward an enormous challenge on the construction of the theater with a denoise demand of 23 dB. The analogical method applied in this study provides an effective and practical way for the assessment of train-induced vibration and radiated noise in proposed vibration-sensitive buildings. The assessment results that provide necessary reference and support for the anti-vibration design will help guarantee the stage effect of the theater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T05:37:30Z","timestamp":1672637850000},"page":"505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Analogical Assessment of Train-Induced Vibration and Radiated Noise in a Proposed Theater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-9996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangming","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences (Shenzhen) Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Vibration and Noise Control Engineering Laboratory for Urban Rail Transit, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Public Works of Shenzhen Municipality, Shenzhen 518042, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huihuang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences (Shenzhen) Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4339-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunlong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengwen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences (Shenzhen) Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Vibration and Noise Control Engineering Laboratory for Urban Rail Transit, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanzhong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences (Shenzhen) Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Vibration and Noise Control Engineering Laboratory for Urban Rail Transit, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11709-007-0015-1","article-title":"Environmental problems of vibrations induced by railway traffic","volume":"1","author":"Xia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front. Archit. Civ. Eng. China"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.101","article-title":"The growth of railway ground vibration problems\u2014A review","volume":"568","author":"Connolly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2017.02.008","article-title":"Safe distance of cultural and historical buildings from subway lines","volume":"96","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2015.11.007","article-title":"Study of the train-induced vibration impact on a historic Bell Tower above two spatially overlapping metro lines","volume":"81","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trgeo.2021.100682","article-title":"A hybrid methodology for predicting train-induced vibration on sensitive equipment in far-field buildings","volume":"31","author":"Qu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp. Geotech."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2014.05.034","article-title":"Theoretical prediction of the damping of a railway wheel with sandwich-type dampers","volume":"333","author":"Merideno","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2021.108370","article-title":"Development of multi-band tuned rail damper for rail vibration control","volume":"184","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2020.104848","article-title":"Analysis of failure mechanism of W1-type fastening clip in high speed railway and structure study of damping composite","volume":"118","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"84827","article-title":"Optimization of Vibration Reduction Ability of Ladder Tracks by FEM Coupled with ACO","volume":"2015","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shock Vib."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2021.108103","article-title":"Simulation and experimental study on vibration and acoustic characteristics of a continuous supported embedded track","volume":"180","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2006.05.013","article-title":"The control of ground-borne vibrations from railway traffic by means of continuous floating slabs","volume":"297","author":"Lombaert","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.127561","article-title":"New floating slab track isolator for vibration reduction using particle damping vibration absorption and bandgap vibration resistance","volume":"336","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.04.032","article-title":"Vibration characteristics of damping pad floating slab on the long-span steel truss cable-stayed bridge in urban rail transit","volume":"191","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2020.110734","article-title":"A numerical and experimental investigation of a special type of floating-slab tracks","volume":"215","author":"Alabbasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.124923","article-title":"UM-SIMULINK Co-simulation for the vibration reduction optimization of a magnetorheological damping steel-spring floating slab track","volume":"307","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2022.110992","article-title":"Effect of passing metro trains on uncertainty of vibration source intensity: Monitoring tests","volume":"193","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Huang, W., Zhang, W., Li, F., and Du, Y. (2021). Train-Induced Vibration Monitoring of Track Slab under Long-Term Temperature Load Using Fiber-Optic Accelerometers. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030787"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auersch, L. (2022). Different Types of Continuous Track Irregularities as Sources of Train-Induced Ground Vibration and the Importance of the Random Variation of the Track Support. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031463"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2020.10.073","article-title":"Influence of malposition on the performance of elastic rail clip: Toe load, stress, and friction","volume":"28","author":"Hasap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, C., Wang, Y., and Tao, Z. (2020). Train-Induced Building Vibration and Radiated Noise by Considering Soil Properties. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12030937"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2003.12.001","article-title":"Effect of soil stabilization on audible band railway ground vibration","volume":"24","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2020.106438","article-title":"Train-induced ground vibration due to the irregularities of the soil","volume":"140","author":"Auersch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trgeo.2022.100785","article-title":"Train-induced environmental vibrations by considering different building foundations along curved track","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transp. Geotechn."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.109473","article-title":"Experimental study of train-induced vibration in over-track buildings in a metro depot","volume":"198","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.05.010","article-title":"Measurement and analysis of vibrations in a residential building constructed on an elevated metro depot","volume":"125","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.09.216","article-title":"Train-induced field vibration measurements of ground and over-track buildings","volume":"575","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geotexmem.2020.02.008","article-title":"Experimental study on the sandbag isolator of buildings for subway-induced vertical vibration and radiated air-borne noise","volume":"48","author":"Sheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geotext. Geomembr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.122802","article-title":"Computational analysis of phononic crystal vibration isolators via FEM coupled with the acoustic black hole effect to attenuate railway-induced vibration","volume":"283","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2015.01.001","article-title":"Large scale international testing of railway ground vibrations across Europe","volume":"71","author":"Connolly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1051\/meca\/2013059","article-title":"Experimental study of ground vibrations induced by Brussels IC\/IR trains in their neighbourhood","volume":"14","author":"Kouroussis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mech. Ind."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.039","article-title":"Assessing subway network ground borne noise and vibration using transfer function from tunnel wall to soil surface measured by muck train operation","volume":"650","author":"Mouzakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2013.03.038","article-title":"Measurement of building foundation and ground-borne vibrations due to surface trains and subways","volume":"53","author":"Sanayei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.07.123","article-title":"Measurement of ground and nearby building vibration and noise induced by trains in a metro depot","volume":"536","author":"Zou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"e00592","article-title":"Finite element analysis of multistory structures subjected to train-induced vibrations considering soil-structure interaction","volume":"15","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2016.12.008","article-title":"Scoping assessment of building vibration induced by railway traffic","volume":"93","author":"Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2014.02.013","article-title":"Numerical modeling of vibrations induced by railway traffic in tunnels: From the source to the nearby buildings","volume":"61","author":"Lopes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1177\/1077546317724322","article-title":"Numerical simulation of floor vibrations of a metro depot under moving subway trains","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vib. Control"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Xia, H., and Cal\u00e7ada, R. (2013). Numerical Modeling of Vibrations Induced in Tunnels: A 2.5D FEM-PML Approach. Traffic Induced Environmental Vibrations and Controls: Theory and Application, Nova Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2017.03.030","article-title":"A combined numerical\/experimental prediction method for urban railway vibration","volume":"97","author":"Kouroussis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"(2009). Standard for Limit and Measuring Method of Building Vibration and Radiated Noise Caused by Urban Rail Transit. Standard No. JGJ\/T 170-2009. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"(2005). Code for Architectural Acoustical Design of Theater, Cinema and Multi-Use Auditorium. Standard No. GB\/T 50356-2005. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(1997). Mechanical Vibration and Shock\u2014Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration\u2014Part 1: General Requirements. Standard No. ISO 2631-1:1997."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2013). Electroacoustics\u2014Sound Level Meters\u2014Part 1 Specifications. Standard No. IEC 61672-1:2013."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(1971). Acoustics\u2014Assessment of Noise with Respect to Community Response. Standard No. ISO\/R 1996:1971."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2019). Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment\u2014Urban Rail Transit. Standard No. HJ 453-2018. (In Chinese)."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/1\/505\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:56:23Z","timestamp":1760118983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/1\/505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s23010505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23010505","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]]}}}