{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T20:19:15Z","timestamp":1767212355324,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Passenger and commercial transportation significantly contribute to hazardous air pollution. Exhaust gas after-treatment technology advances closely to the emission regulations throughout the world. The upcoming legislation will be EURO VII in European Union, which requirements are not set yet, but the Solid Particle Number (SPN) diameter range is expected to be more severe compared to EURO VI. This paper will revisit the measurement principle differences between over 10 nm and over 23 nm diameter particles in theory and practical engine bench measurement. Two different types of particle counters have performed the soot particle counting measurement; therefore, the applied sensors are different in terms of applied counting principles. The measurement principles of both devices will be introduced, and the experiment\u2019s result will reflect on the sensor differences. From this, a conclusion can be derived in order to determine the severity of the upcoming EURO VII legislation in terms of SPN, and the experiment will also reflect on the measurement sensor differences. The overall results suggested that extending the lower range of the measurement increases the tailpipe particle emission by 20%, although the DPF filtration efficiency is still over 99%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T02:28:53Z","timestamp":1672885733000},"page":"590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Euro VI-d Compliant Diesel Engine\u2019s Sub-23 nm Particle Emission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8114-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Bir\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBIDEN Hungary Kft. Technical Center, Exhaust System Evaluation, 2336 Dunavars\u00e1ny, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5265-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vehicle Technology, Institute of Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, December 21). Eurostat. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Quarterly_greenhouse_gas_emissions_in_the_EU."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, M., Rafat, Y., and Alam, M. (2017). Well to Wheel Cum Tailpipe Emission Analysis: ICE vs xEV, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). 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