{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:05:04Z","timestamp":1777511104105,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":283,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"H2020 project","award":["874753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874753"]}]},{"name":"H2020 project","award":["G0A6821N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0A6821N"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["874753"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874753"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0A6821N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0A6821N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article provides an overview on the broad topic of biogenic amines (BAs) that are a persistent concern in the context of food quality and safety. They emerge mainly from the decomposition of amino acids in protein-rich food due to enzymes excreted by pathogenic bacteria that infect food under inappropriate storage conditions. While there are food authority regulations on the maximum allowed amounts of, e.g., histamine in fish, sensitive individuals can still suffer from medical conditions triggered by biogenic amines, and mass outbreaks of scombroid poisoning are reported regularly. We review first the classical techniques used for selective BA detection and quantification in analytical laboratories and focus then on sensor-based solutions aiming at on-site BA detection throughout the food chain. There are receptor-free chemosensors for BA detection and a vastly growing range of bio- and biomimetic sensors that employ receptors to enable selective molecular recognition. Regarding the receptors, we address enzymes, antibodies, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and aptamers as the most recent class of BA receptors. Furthermore, we address the underlying transducer technologies, including optical, electrochemical, mass-sensitive, and thermal-based sensing principles. The review concludes with an assessment on the persistent limitations of BA sensors, a technological forecast, and thoughts on short-term solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T04:51:31Z","timestamp":1672894291000},"page":"613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["A Review on Bio- and Chemosensors for the Detection of Biogenic Amines in Food Safety Applications: The Status in 2022"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Stella","family":"Givanoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, B-9090 Melle, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, ZMB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Marine Division\u2014Cell Blue Biotech\/Food Integrity, Jacobsenstraat 1, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2913-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Heyndrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, B-9090 Melle, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Depuydt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, ZMB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Mehran","family":"Khorshid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, ZMB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Robbens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Marine Division\u2014Cell Blue Biotech\/Food Integrity, Jacobsenstraat 1, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4028-3629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, ZMB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11089.x","article-title":"Identification of the cadBA Operon From Vibrio vulnificus and its Influence on Survival to Acid Stress","volume":"208","author":"Rhee","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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