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With an increasing demand for sensors across different sectors, it is crucial to understand the current state within the sectors of hydrogel METs and sensors. Surprisingly, a systematic review examining the application of hydrogel-based METs to sensor technologies has not yet been conducted. This review aimed to identify the current research progress surrounding the incorporation of hydrogels within METs and sensors development, with a specific focus on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The manufacturing process\/cost, operational performance, analysis accuracy and stability of typical hydrogel materials in METs and sensors were summarised and analysed. The current challenges facing the technology as well as potential direction for future research were also discussed. This review will substantially promote the understanding of hydrogel materials used in METs and benefit the development of electrochemical biosensors using hydrogel-based METs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T03:19:54Z","timestamp":1672975194000},"page":"641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Recent Implementations of Hydrogel-Based Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) in Sensing Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zeena","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dunzhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunhong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0347-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saviour I.","family":"Okeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liwen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"TrinityHaus, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"08005","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202233408005","article-title":"Modelling Miniature Microbial Fuel Cells with Three-dimensional Anodes","volume":"334","author":"Casula","year":"2022","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14806","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b22116","article-title":"Cultivation of Exoelectrogenic Bacteria in Conductive DNA Nanocomposite Hydrogels Yields a Programmable Biohybrid Materials System","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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