{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:45:42Z","timestamp":1760147142351,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]],"date-time":"2023-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Scientific Research Project","award":["JCKY2020903B002","51827806","TJ20203A020159","41412050601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCKY2020903B002","51827806","TJ20203A020159","41412050601"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCKY2020903B002","51827806","TJ20203A020159","41412050601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCKY2020903B002","51827806","TJ20203A020159","41412050601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Space Preresearch Project","award":["JCKY2020903B002","51827806","TJ20203A020159","41412050601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCKY2020903B002","51827806","TJ20203A020159","41412050601"]}]},{"name":"Shared Technical Preresearch Project","award":["JCKY2020903B002","51827806","TJ20203A020159","41412050601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCKY2020903B002","51827806","TJ20203A020159","41412050601"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a novel concept for cooperative orbit determination (OD) using inter-spacecraft angle-only measurements is proposed. Different from the conventional cooperative OD that only estimates orbit states, the attitude of the observer spacecraft is considered by incorporating the attitude into the estimated vector. The observability of a two-spacecraft system is analyzed based on the observability matrix. Observability analysis reveals that inter-spacecraft angle-only measurements are inadequate to estimate both the attitude and the orbit states in two-body dynamics. The observability of the two-spacecraft system can be improved by considering high-order gravitational perturbation or executing an attitude maneuver on the observer spacecraft. This is the first time that we present the observability analysis and orbit estimation results for a two-spacecraft system considering attitude uncertainty for the observer. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results in this paper can be potentially useful for autonomous managements of a spacecraft constellation and formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T07:05:09Z","timestamp":1673247909000},"page":"718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Angle-Only Cooperative Orbit Determination Considering Attitude Uncertainty"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3761-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yishuai","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Theories, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junkui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuankai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sicence and Technology on Space Flight Dynamics, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingchao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2514\/1.G003819","article-title":"Relative orbit determination using only intersatellite range measurements","volume":"42","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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