{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T17:39:17Z","timestamp":1774892357554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ICT R&amp;D Program of MSIT\/IITP","award":["IITP-2022-2021-0-01816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2022-2021-0-01816"]}]},{"name":"ICT R&amp;D Program of MSIT\/IITP","award":["2020R1A6A1A03038540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A6A1A03038540"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IITP-2022-2021-0-01816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2022-2021-0-01816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A6A1A03038540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A6A1A03038540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Visible light communication (VLC) has contributed new unused spectrum in addition to the traditional radio frequency communication and can play a significant role in wireless communication. The adaptation of VLC technology enhances wireless connectivity both in indoor and outdoor environments. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication has been an efficient technique for increasing wireless communications system capacity and performance. With the advantages of MIMO techniques, VLC can achieve an additional degree of freedom. In this paper, we systematically perform a survey of the existing work based on MIMO VLC. We categorize the types of different MIMO techniques, and a brief description is given. Different problem-solving approaches are given in the subsequent sections. In addition, machine learning approaches are also discussed in sufficient detail. Finally, we identify the future study direction for MIMO-based communication in VLC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T07:05:09Z","timestamp":1673247909000},"page":"739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["A Comprehensive Survey on MIMO Visible Light Communication: Current Research, Machine Learning and Future Trends"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6323-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Abrar Shakil","family":"Sejan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6792-3825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Habibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Md Abdul","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Dong-Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Young-Hwan","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3274-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyoung-Kyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3019724","article-title":"Massive Access for 5G and Beyond","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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