{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:46:27Z","timestamp":1760147187483,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009878","name":"SAFE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POR FESR 1.1.4 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POR FESR 1.1.4 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009878","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skiing is a popular winter activity spanning various subdisciplines. Key hardware are ski boots, bindings, and skis, which are designed to withstand loads generated during skiing. Obtaining service forces and moments has always been challenging to researchers in the past. The goal of the present study is to develop and test a lightweight and compact measurement system to obtain the Ground Reaction Forces and the kinematics for ski touring and alpine ski. To do so, we adapted two six-axis load cells to fit into ski touring and alpine skis adding 20 mm height and 500 g weight to the original ski. To measure kinematics, we created custom angular sensors from rotary potentiometers. The system was tested indoors using a force platform and motion capture system before a first set of field tests in which the sensors were used to measure ski touring and alpine skis kinetics and kinematics. Validation trials showed maximum errors of 10% for kinetics and 5% for kinematics. Field tests showed data in agreement with previous findings on the topic. The results of this study show the possibility of using our system to study biomechanics and equipment performances for ski touring, alpine skiing, and possibly other disciplines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T04:59:58Z","timestamp":1673413198000},"page":"836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Innovative Compact System to Measure Skiing Ground Reaction Forces and Flexural Angles of Alpine and Touring Ski Boots"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Zullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Cibin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1591-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Bortolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, 38068 Rovereto, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Botteon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnica Group, 31040 Giavera del Montello, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6638-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Petrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Vanat, L. 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Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.06.108","article-title":"The Effect of Buckle Closure and Temperature on the In-vivo Flexibility of Ski-boots: A Pilot Study","volume":"72","author":"Petrone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zullo, G., Cibin, P., and Petrone, N. (Sport. Eng., 2023). Torsion and bending loads on a ski-touring boot shell during uphill and downhill skiing, Sport. 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