{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T08:36:46Z","timestamp":1783586206911,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations","award":["ANSO-CR-KP-2020-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANSO-CR-KP-2020-09"]}]},{"name":"Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations","award":["41975038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41975038"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANSO-CR-KP-2020-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANSO-CR-KP-2020-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41975038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41975038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to conduct more thorough research on the structural characteristics of the atmosphere and the distribution and transmission of atmospheric pollution, the use of remote sensing technology for multi-dimensional detection of the atmosphere is needed. A light-weight, low-volume, low-cost, easy-to-use and low-maintenance mini Infrared Lidar (mIRLidar) sensor is developed for the first time. The model of lidar is established, and the key optical parameters of the mIRLidar are optimized through simulation, in which wavelength of laser, energy of pulse laser, diameter of telescope, field of view (FOV), and bandwidth of filter are included. The volume and weight of the lidar system are effectively reduced through optimizing the structural design and designing a temperature control system to ensure the stable operation of the core components. The mIRLidar system involved a 1064 nm laser (the pulse laser energy 15 \u03bcJ, the repetition frequency 5 kHz), a 100 mm aperture telescope (the FOV 1.5 mrad), a 0.5 nm bandwidth of filter and an APD, where the lidar has a volume of 200 mm \u00d7 200 mm \u00d7 420 mm and weighs about 13.5 kg. It is shown that the lidar can effectively detect three-dimensional distribution and transmission of aerosol and atmospheric pollution within a 5 km detection range, from Horizontal, scanning and navigational atmospheric measurements. It has great potential in the field of meteorological research and environmental monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T05:03:03Z","timestamp":1673499783000},"page":"892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Parameter Optimization and Development of Mini Infrared Lidar for Atmospheric Three-Dimensional Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Kuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6605-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Decheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3648-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenzhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1720199","article-title":"Laser radar (lidar) for meteorological observations","volume":"37","author":"Northend","year":"1966","journal-title":"Rev. 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