{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:55:49Z","timestamp":1768485349369,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z220010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z220010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81727807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81727807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tsinghua Precision Medicine Foundation","award":["Z220010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z220010"]}]},{"name":"Tsinghua Precision Medicine Foundation","award":["81727807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81727807"]}]},{"name":"Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program","award":["Z220010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z220010"]}]},{"name":"Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program","award":["81727807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81727807"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z220010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z220010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81727807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81727807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Gamma cameras have wide applications in industry, including nuclear power plant monitoring, emergency response, and homeland security. The desirable properties of a gamma camera include small weight, good resolution, large field of view (FOV), and wide imageable source energy range. Compton cameras can have a 4\u03c0 FOV but have limited sensitivity at low energy. Coded-aperture gamma cameras are operatable at a wide photon energy range but typically have a limited FOV and increased weight due to the thick heavy metal collimators and shielding. In our lab, we previously proposed a 4\u03c0-view gamma imaging approach with a 3D position-sensitive detector, with which each detector element acts as the collimator for other detector elements. We presented promising imaging performance for 99mTc, 18F, and 137Cs sources. However, the imaging performance for middle- and high-energy sources requires further improvement. (2) Methods: In this study, we present a new gamma camera design to achieve satisfactory imaging performance in a wide gamma energy range. The proposed gamma camera consists of interspaced bar-shaped GAGG (Ce) crystals and tungsten absorbers. The metal bars enhance collimation for high-energy gamma photons without sacrificing the FOV. We assembled a gamma camera prototype and conducted experiments to evaluate the gamma camera\u2019s performance for imaging 57Co, 137Cs, and 60Co point sources. (3) Results: Results show that the proposed gamma camera achieves a positioning accuracy of &lt;3\u00b0 for all gamma energies. It can clearly resolve two 137Cs point sources with 10\u00b0 separation, two 57Co and two 60Co point sources with 20\u00b0 separation, as well as a 2 \u00d7 3 137Cs point-source array with 20\u00b0 separation. (4) Conclusions: We conclude that the proposed gamma camera design has comprehensive merits, including portability, 4\u03c0-view FOV, and good angular resolution across a wide energy range. The presented approach has promising potential in nuclear security applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T05:30:07Z","timestamp":1673847007000},"page":"953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Wide Energy Range and 4\u03c0-View Gamma Camera with Interspaced Position-Sensitive Scintillator Array and Embedded Heavy Metal Bars"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenlei","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianpeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Nuclear Security Technology Center, Beijing 102401, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2326-5760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/170200b0","article-title":"Use of a Gamma-Ray Pinhole Camera for Invivo Studies","volume":"170","author":"Anger","year":"1952","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1109\/23.159757","article-title":"A Gamma-Ray Imager for Arms-Control","volume":"39","author":"Ziock","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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