{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:56:05Z","timestamp":1776275765518,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["11961012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11961012"]}]},{"name":"Research supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2018GXNSFBA281192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GXNSFBA281192"]}]},{"name":"Research supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["AD20297063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AD20297063"]}]},{"name":"Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["11961012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11961012"]}]},{"name":"Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["2018GXNSFBA281192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GXNSFBA281192"]}]},{"name":"Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi","award":["AD20297063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AD20297063"]}]},{"name":"Special Research Project for Guangxi Young Innovative Talents","award":["11961012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11961012"]}]},{"name":"Special Research Project for Guangxi Young Innovative Talents","award":["2018GXNSFBA281192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GXNSFBA281192"]}]},{"name":"Special Research Project for Guangxi Young Innovative Talents","award":["AD20297063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AD20297063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The automatic semantic segmentation of point cloud data is important for applications in the fields of machine vision, virtual reality, and smart cities. The processing capability of the point cloud segmentation method with PointNet++ as the baseline needs to be improved for extremely imbalanced point cloud scenes. To address this problem, in this study, we designed a weighted sampling method based on farthest point sampling (FPS), which adjusts the sampling weight value according to the loss value of the model to equalize the sampling process. We also introduced the relational learning of the neighborhood space of the sampling center point in the feature encoding process, where the feature importance is distinguished by using a self-attention model. Finally, the global\u2013local features were aggregated and transmitted using the hybrid pooling method. The experimental results of the six-fold crossover experiment showed that on the S3DIS semantic segmentation dataset, the proposed network achieved 9.5% and 11.6% improvement in overall point-wise accuracy (OA) and mean of class-wise intersection over union (MIoU), respectively, compared with the baseline. On the Vaihingen dataset, the proposed network achieved 4.2% and 3.9% improvement in OA and MIoU, respectively, compared with the baseline. Compared with the segmentation results of other network models on public datasets, our algorithm achieves a good balance between OA and MIoU.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T05:30:07Z","timestamp":1673847007000},"page":"981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Point Cloud Deep Learning Network Based on Balanced Sampling and Hybrid Pooling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2169-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhencheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Qi, C.R., Su, H., Mo, K., and Guibas, L.J. 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