{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:46:27Z","timestamp":1784547987920,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Focused microwave\u2212hyperthermia therapy has recently emerged as a key technology in the treatment of breast cancer due to non\u2212invasive treatment. An applicator of a three\u2212ring phased array consisting of ultra\u2212wideband (UWB) microstrip antennas was designed for breast cancer therapy and operates at 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna has an ultra\u2212wideband from 0.7 GHz to 5.5 GHz with resonant frequencies of 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz and dimensions of 15 \u00d7 43.5 \u00d7 1.575 mm3. The number of each ring was chosen to be 12 based on the SAR distribution and the performance indicators of tumor off\u2212center focusing results for four different numbers of single\u2212ring arrays. The homogeneous breast model is applied to a three\u2212ring phased array consisting of 36 elements for focused simulation, and 1 cm3 and 2 cm3 tumors are placed in three different locations in the breast. The simulation results show that the proposed phased array has good performance and the capability to raise the temperature of different volumes of breast cancer above 42.5 \u00b0C after choosing a suitable operating frequency. The proposed applicator allows for precise treatment of tumors by selecting the appropriate operating frequency based on the size of the malignant tumor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T03:41:52Z","timestamp":1673926912000},"page":"1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Design of Ultra-Wideband Phased Array Applicator for Breast Cancer Hyperthermia Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7303-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3322-867X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2020.3016206","article-title":"A Breast-Specific MR Guided Focused Ultrasound Platform and Treatment Protocol: First-in-Human Technical Evaluation","volume":"68","author":"Payne","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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