{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:47:28Z","timestamp":1760147248863,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Nanyang Normal University","award":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"]}]},{"name":"Cultivating Fund Project for the National Natural Science Foundation of China of Nanyang Normal University","award":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"]}]},{"name":"open research fund of Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology (Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Ministry of Education","award":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province of China","award":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific and Technological Research Projects in Henan Province","award":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZX017","2022PY024","JZNY202107","21A520033","23A520038","23A510001","222102320369"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical layer security is a promising technique to ensure the confidentiality of short-packet communications, since no additional channel uses are needed. Motivated by the fact of finite coding blocklength in short-packet communications, we attempt to investigate the problem of how many the channel uses utilized for channel training should be allocated to perform secure communications. Based on the finite blocklength information theory, we derive a closed-form expression to approximate the average achievable secrecy throughput. To gain more insights, we also present the asymptotic average secrecy throughput under two special cases, i.e., high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and infinite blocklength. Moreover, we determine the optimal channel training length to maximize the average secrecy throughput under the reliability constraint and given blocklength. Numerical results are provided to validate the analysis and demonstrate that the performance gain achieved by the optimal channel training length is remarkable, relative to other benchmark schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T05:40:02Z","timestamp":1673934002000},"page":"1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimal Channel Training Design for Secure Short-Packet Communications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-9563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dechuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology (Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Complex Systems Simulation, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2841349","article-title":"A Survey on Low Latency Towards 5G: RAN, Core Network and Caching Solutions","volume":"20","author":"Parvez","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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