{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:28:13Z","timestamp":1780572493712,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13N15971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13N15971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13N15498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13N15498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantum magnetometry based on optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen vacancy centers in nano- or micro-diamonds is a promising technology for precise magnetic-field sensors. Here, we propose a new, low-cost and stand-alone sensor setup that employs machine learning on an embedded device, so-called edge machine learning. We train an artificial neural network with data acquired from a continuous-wave ODMR setup and subsequently use this pre-trained network on the sensor device to deduce the magnitude of the magnetic field from recorded ODMR spectra. In our proposed sensor setup, a low-cost and low-power ESP32 microcontroller development board is employed to control data recording and perform inference of the network. In a proof-of-concept study, we show that the setup is capable of measuring magnetic fields with high precision and has the potential to enable robust and accessible sensor applications with a wide measuring range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T01:33:51Z","timestamp":1674092031000},"page":"1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Edge-Machine-Learning-Assisted Robust Magnetometer Based on Randomly Oriented NV-Ensembles in Diamond"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1584-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Homrighausen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstra\u00dfe 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9490-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludwig","family":"Horsthemke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstra\u00dfe 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Pogorzelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstra\u00dfe 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1745-5784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Trinschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstra\u00dfe 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6937-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Gl\u00f6sek\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstra\u00dfe 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics, M\u00fcnster University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstra\u00dfe 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000111","DOI":"10.1002\/qute.202000111","article-title":"Integrated and Portable Magnetometer Based on Nitrogen-Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond","volume":"4","author":"Brenneis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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