{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1767912687677,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan","award":["MOST 111-2221-E-030-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2221-E-030-018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colonoscopy is a valuable tool for preventing and reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Although several computer-aided colorectal polyp detection and diagnosis systems have been proposed for clinical application, many remain susceptible to interference problems, including low image clarity, unevenness, and low accuracy for the analysis of dynamic images; these drawbacks affect the robustness and practicality of these systems. This study proposed an intraprocedure alert system for colonoscopy examination developed on the basis of deep learning. The proposed system features blurred image detection, foreign body detection, and polyp detection modules facilitated by convolutional neural networks. The training and validation datasets included high-quality images and low-quality images, including blurred images and those containing folds, fecal matter, and opaque water. For the detection of blurred images and images containing folds, fecal matter, and opaque water, the accuracy rate was 96.2%. Furthermore, the study results indicated a per-polyp detection accuracy of 100% when the system was applied to video images. The recall rates for high-quality image frames and polyp image frames were 95.7% and 92%, respectively. The overall alert accuracy rate and the false-positive rate of low quality for video images obtained through per-frame analysis were 95.3% and 0.18%, respectively. The proposed system can be used to alert colonoscopists to the need to slow their procedural speed or to perform flush or lumen inflation in cases where the colonoscope is being moved too rapidly, where fecal residue is present in the intestinal tract, or where the colon has been inadequately distended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T06:52:41Z","timestamp":1674197561000},"page":"1211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intraprocedure Artificial Intelligence Alert System for Colonoscopy Examination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chen-Ming","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1714-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Chang","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe-Ming","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Hsing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12818","article-title":"Recent advances to improve the endoscopic detection and differentiation of early colorectal neoplasia","volume":"17","author":"Galloro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Color. 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