{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T21:09:23Z","timestamp":1768079363104,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The polymer technology based on Electroactive polymers and metal composite ionic polymer has great potential and advantages in many engineering fields. In this paper, a laboratory stand for testing Ionic polymer\u2013metal composites (IPMC) is presented. The laboratory station includes a power supply system and a measuring system for the displacement of IPMC composites. Tests and measurements are carried out using a laser transducer and a camera equipped with image analysis software to determine the IPMC strips displacement. The experimental investigation of IPMCs under different voltage supplies and waveforms, environmental working humidity conditions, temperature, and loading conditions has proved the significant influence of geometric dimension and the effect of increased stress on the displacement value. For materials powered by a higher voltage value, an increased deflection value was noted. In case of displacement, longer is the sample, higher is the displacement value. The length of the sample under load, affects adversely its performance, resulting in an increase in the load on the sample. For samples of a thick size, a more stable movement with and without load can be noticed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T01:36:26Z","timestamp":1674437786000},"page":"1271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Design of Laboratory Stand for Displacement Measurement of IPMC Actuators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Karina","family":"Ko\u015blik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5855-7763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kowol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7255-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Brociek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Applications and Methods for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Wajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Energy and Fuel Processing Technology, Zamkowa 1, 41-803 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9384-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia","family":"Lo Sciuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics Engineering, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3389\/fbuil.2020.00095","article-title":"Integrating ionic electroactive polymer actuators and sensors into adaptive building skins\u2013potentials and limitations","volume":"6","author":"Neuhaus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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