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In recent years, deep learning methods are being widely introduced into FDP due to the powerful feature representation ability, and its rapid development is bringing new opportunities to the promotion of FDP. In order to facilitate the related research, we give a summary of recent advances in deep learning techniques for industrial FDP in this paper. Related concepts and formulations of FDP are firstly given. Seven commonly used deep learning architectures, especially the emerging generative adversarial network, transformer, and graph neural network, are reviewed. Finally, we give insights into the challenges in current applications of deep learning-based methods from four different aspects of imbalanced data, compound fault types, multimodal data fusion, and edge device implementation, and provide possible solutions, respectively. This paper tries to give a comprehensive guideline for further research into the problem of intelligent industrial FDP for the community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T01:29:45Z","timestamp":1674523785000},"page":"1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Deep Learning Techniques in Intelligent Fault Diagnosis and Prognosis for Industrial Systems: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4018-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaohua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Zuowei","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Nanliang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Xianqiang","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17368","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2731945","article-title":"Industrial Big Data for Fault Diagnosis: Taxonomy, Review, and Applications","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-1354(00)00374-4","article-title":"Challenges in the industrial applications of fault diagnostic systems","volume":"24","author":"Dash","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comput. 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