{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:57:11Z","timestamp":1771261031336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["22064018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22064018"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["2019JJA120031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJA120031"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["2019GXNSFAA245026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFAA245026"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["G2022ZK21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022ZK21"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["G2020ZK04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2020ZK04"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["G2021ZK15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2021ZK15"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundations of China","award":["201934012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201934012"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Guangxi Province of China","award":["22064018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22064018"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Guangxi Province of China","award":["2019JJA120031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJA120031"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Guangxi Province of China","award":["2019GXNSFAA245026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFAA245026"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Guangxi Province of China","award":["G2022ZK21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022ZK21"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Guangxi Province of China","award":["G2020ZK04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2020ZK04"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Guangxi Province of China","award":["G2021ZK15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2021ZK15"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Guangxi Province of China","award":["201934012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201934012"]}]},{"name":"PhD Research Startup Program of Yulin Normal University","award":["22064018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22064018"]}]},{"name":"PhD Research Startup Program of Yulin Normal University","award":["2019JJA120031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJA120031"]}]},{"name":"PhD Research Startup Program of Yulin Normal University","award":["2019GXNSFAA245026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFAA245026"]}]},{"name":"PhD Research Startup Program of Yulin Normal University","award":["G2022ZK21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022ZK21"]}]},{"name":"PhD Research Startup Program of Yulin Normal University","award":["G2020ZK04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2020ZK04"]}]},{"name":"PhD Research Startup Program of Yulin Normal University","award":["G2021ZK15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2021ZK15"]}]},{"name":"PhD Research Startup Program of Yulin Normal University","award":["201934012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201934012"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Yulin Normal University","award":["22064018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22064018"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Yulin Normal University","award":["2019JJA120031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJA120031"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Yulin Normal University","award":["2019GXNSFAA245026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFAA245026"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Yulin Normal University","award":["G2022ZK21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022ZK21"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Yulin Normal University","award":["G2020ZK04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2020ZK04"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Yulin Normal University","award":["G2021ZK15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2021ZK15"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Yulin Normal University","award":["201934012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201934012"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Foundation of Yulin","award":["22064018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22064018"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Foundation of Yulin","award":["2019JJA120031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJA120031"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Foundation of Yulin","award":["2019GXNSFAA245026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFAA245026"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Foundation of Yulin","award":["G2022ZK21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022ZK21"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Foundation of Yulin","award":["G2020ZK04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2020ZK04"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Foundation of Yulin","award":["G2021ZK15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2021ZK15"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Foundation of Yulin","award":["201934012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201934012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor-specific biomarker; however, its low levels in the early stages of cancer make it difficult to detect. To address the need for analysis of ultra-low-level substances, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent aptamer sensor with DNAzyme signal amplification and used it for the detection of CEA in blood. In the presence of the target protein, the aptamer sequence in the recognition probe binds to the target protein and opens the hairpin structure, hybridizes with the primer and triggers a polymerization reaction in the presence of polymerase to generate double-stranded DNA with two restriction endonuclease Nb.BbvCl cleavage sites. At the same time, the target protein is displaced and continues to bind to another recognition probe, triggering a new round of polymerization reaction, forming a cyclic signal amplification triggered by the target. The experimental results show that the blood detection with CEA has a high sensitivity and a wide detection range. The detection range: 10 fg\/mL~10 ng\/mL, with a detection limit of 5.2 fg\/mL. In addition, the sensor can be used for the analysis of complex biological samples such as blood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T03:23:49Z","timestamp":1674617029000},"page":"1317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Novel Fluorescent Aptamer Sensor with DNAzyme Signal Amplification for the Detection of CEA in Blood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Qingmin","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huakui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yulin Campus, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shulong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fa","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3842-3696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202003563","article-title":"Nucleic acid aptamers for molecular diagnostics and therapeutics: Advances and perspectives","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Edit."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/346818a0","article-title":"In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands","volume":"346","author":"Ellington","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2021.105020","article-title":"A magnified aptamer fluorescence sensor based on the metal organic frameworks adsorbed DNA with enzyme catalysis amplification for ultra-sensitive determination of ATP and its logic gate operation","volume":"114","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Zhang, F., Liu, R., Liu, M., Sang, Y., Wang, S., and Wang, X. (2021). A novel colorimetric nano aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxin b1 based on the exonuclease iii-assisted signal amplification approach. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112568"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-021-05001-x","article-title":"Label-free and sensitive MiRNA detection based on turn-on fluorescence of DNA-templated silver nanoclusters coupled with duplex-specific nuclease-assisted signal amplification","volume":"188","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.12.025","article-title":"A novel fluorescent aptasensor based on hairpin structure of complementary strand of aptamer and nanoparticles as a signal amplification approach for ultrasensitive detection of cocaine","volume":"79","author":"Emrani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6470","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b01634","article-title":"Structure-switching aptamer triggering hybridization chain reaction on the cell surface for activatable theranostics","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8063","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b02504","article-title":"Universal strategy to engineer catalytic DNA hairpin assemblies for protein analysis","volume":"87","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Liu, J., and Zhou, H. (2019). Visual detection of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase coupled with DNAzymes amplification. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061298"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130457","article-title":"Exponential amplification reaction-based fluorescent sensor for the sensitive detection of tumor biomarker flap endonuclease 1","volume":"346","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12707","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c02588","article-title":"Isothermal self-primer exponential amplification reaction (SPEXPAR) for highly sensitive detection of single-stranded nucleic acids and proteins","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SC02641E","article-title":"Lab on a single microbead: An ultrasensitive detection strategy enabling microRNA analysis at the single-molecule level","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CC08726D","article-title":"A three-way junction structure-based isothermal exponential amplification strategy for sensitive detection of 3\u2032-terminal 2\u2032-O-methylated plant microRNA","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.10.099","article-title":"Sensitive and rapid detection of microRNAs using hairpin probes-mediated exponential isothermal amplification","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosen. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.07.007","article-title":"Chemiluminescence imaging for microRNA detection based on cascade exponential isothermal amplification machinery","volume":"936","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Feng, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., and Zhou, N. (2022). Fluorescent aptasensor for highly specific detection of atp using a newly screened aptamer. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072425"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04673","article-title":"Excision repair-initiated enzyme-assisted bicyclic cascade signal amplification for ultrasensitive detection of uracil-DNA glycosylase","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.01.032","article-title":"G-quadruplex based two-stage isothermal exponential amplification reaction for label-free DNA colorimetric detection","volume":"56","author":"Nie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7452","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201203224","article-title":"Ultrasensitive SERS detection of lysozyme by a target-triggering multiple cycle amplification strategy based on a gold substrate","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6151","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki930","article-title":"In vitro selection, characterization, and application of deoxyribozymes that cleave RNA","volume":"33","author":"Silverman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5733","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b13717","article-title":"Metallo-toehold-activated catalytic hairpin assembly formation of three-way DNAzyme junctions for amplified fluorescent detection of Hg2+","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Inter."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.12.107","article-title":"Label-free liquid crystal biosensor for L-histidine: A DNAzyme-based platform for small molecule assay","volume":"79","author":"Liao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7364","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CC01649E","article-title":"Programmable Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme switch by the catalytic hairpin DNA assembly for dual-signal amplification toward homogeneous analysis of protein and DNA","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8218","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b02035","article-title":"Proximity binding and metal ion-dependent DNAzyme cyclic amplification-integrated aptasensor for label-free and sensitive electrochemical detection of thrombin","volume":"88","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SC03892A","article-title":"Continuous variables logic via coupled automata using a DNAzyme cascade with feedback","volume":"8","author":"Lilienthal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7746","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b01323","article-title":"DLISA: A DNAzyme-based ELISA for protein enzyme-free immunoassay of multiple analytes","volume":"87","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5158","DOI":"10.1021\/ac500965p","article-title":"Design and biosensing of Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme-triggered ratiometric electrochemiluminescence","volume":"86","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analy. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5633","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CC00205F","article-title":"Proximity ligation-induced assembly of DNAzymes for simple and cost-effective colourimetric detection of proteins with high sensitivity","volume":"52","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/3\/1317\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:14:35Z","timestamp":1760120075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/3\/1317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s23031317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23031317","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]}}}