{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:32:23Z","timestamp":1777512743772,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in the framework of the program of activities of the Perm Scientific and Educational Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reducing the dimensions of optical gyroscopes is a crucial task and resonant fiber optic gyroscopes are promising candidates for its solution. The paper presents a prototype of a miniature resonant interferometric gyroscope of a strategic accuracy class. Due to the use of passive optical elements in this gyroscope, it has a great potential for miniaturization, alongside a low production cost and ease of implementation, since it does not require many feedback loops. The presented prototype shows results on a zero instability of 20\u00b0\/h and an angle random walk of 0.16\u00b0\/\u221ah. A theoretical model explaining the nature of the multipath interference of resonant spectra and establishing the relationship between the resonator parameters and the output parameters of the presented prototype is proposed. The results predicted are in agreement with the experimental data. The prototype gyroscope demonstrates a scale factor instability and a change in the average signal level, which is due to the presence of polarization non-reciprocity, occurring due to the induced birefringence in the single-mode fiber of the contour. This problem requires further investigation to be performed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T03:23:49Z","timestamp":1674617029000},"page":"1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Prototype for a Passive Resonant Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope with a 3 \u00d7 3 Directional Coupler"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Konstantin A.","family":"Ovchinnikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia"},{"name":"Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, 614068 Perm, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2589-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniil G.","family":"Gilev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia"},{"name":"Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, 614068 Perm, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8871-8751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor V.","family":"Krishtop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia"},{"name":"Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, 614068 Perm, Russia"},{"name":"Department of General Physics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia"}]},{"given":"Anatoliy B.","family":"Volyntsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia"}]},{"given":"Vitaliy A.","family":"Maximenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Physics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia"}]},{"given":"Alexey A.","family":"Garkushin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, 614068 Perm, Russia"},{"name":"Department of General Physics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia"}]},{"given":"Yurii V.","family":"Filatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems Department, Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9525-8412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Kukaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems Department, Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Sevryugin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems Department, Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"given":"Egor V.","family":"Shalymov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems Department, Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"given":"Anastasiya V.","family":"Venediktova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]},{"given":"Vladimir Yu.","family":"Venediktov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems Department, Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1070\/QEL15932","article-title":"Passive ring resonator micro-optical gyroscopes","volume":"46","author":"Venediktov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuai, X., Wei, L., Yang, F., Yan, W., Li, Z., and Wang, X. 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