{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T20:19:35Z","timestamp":1760473175541,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dew computing aims to minimize the dependency on remote clouds by exploiting nearby nodes for solving non-trivial computational tasks, e.g., AI inferences. Nowadays, smartphones are good candidates for computing nodes; hence, smartphone clusters have been proposed to accomplish this task and load balancing is frequently a subject of research. Using the same real\u2014i.e., in vivo\u2014testbeds to evaluate different load balancing strategies based on energy utilization is challenging and time consuming. In principle, test repetition requires a platform to control battery charging periods between repetitions. Our Motrol hard-soft device has such a capability; however, it lacks a mechanism to assure and reduce the time in which all smartphone batteries reach the level required by the next test. We propose an evolutionary algorithm to execute smartphone battery (dis)charging plans to minimize test preparation time. Charging plans proposed by the algorithm include charging at different speeds, which is achieved by charging at maximum speed while exercising energy hungry components (the CPU and screen). To evaluate the algorithm, we use various charging\/discharging battery traces of real smartphones and we compare the time-taken for our method to collectively prepare a set of smartphones versus that of individually (dis)charging all smartphones at maximum speed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T01:27:58Z","timestamp":1674782878000},"page":"1388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Speeding up Smartphone-Based Dew Computing: In Vivo Experiments Setup Via an Evolutionary Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Virginia","family":"Yannibelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISISTAN (UNICEN-CONICET), Tandil 7000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7021-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISISTAN (UNICEN-CONICET), Tandil 7000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Toloza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISISTAN (UNICEN-CONICET), Tandil 7000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-9285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim A.","family":"Majchrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, University of Agder (UiA), 4604 Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Zunino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISISTAN (UNICEN-CONICET), Tandil 7000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5761-1898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISISTAN (UNICEN-CONICET), Tandil 7000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3496","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3496","article-title":"Minimizing dependency on internetwork: Is dew computing a solution?","volume":"30","author":"Ray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch, M., Mateos, C., Zunino, A., Majchrzak, T.A., Gr\u00f8nli, T.M., and Kaindl, H. (2021, January 5). A simulation-based performance evaluation of heuristics for dew computing. Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Grand Wailea, Maui, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2021.868"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mateos, C., Hirsch, M., Toloza, J., and Zunino, A. (2021, January 12\u201316). Motrol 2.0: A Dew-oriented hardware\/software platform for batch-benchmarking smartphones. 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