{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T23:21:10Z","timestamp":1768260070891,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007707","name":"INAIL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BRIC 2019-ID07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRIC 2019-ID07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007707","name":"INAIL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G10795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G10795"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ISIS@MACH","award":["BRIC 2019-ID07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRIC 2019-ID07"]}]},{"name":"ISIS@MACH","award":["G10795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G10795"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Legionellosis is a generic term describing the pneumonic (Legionnaires\u2019 disease, LD) and non-pneumonic (Pontiac fever, PF) forms of infection with bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella. Currently, the techniques used to detect Legionella spp. in water samples have certain limitations and drawbacks, and thus, there is a need to identify new tools to carry out low-cost and rapid analysis. In this regard, several studies demonstrated that a volatolomics approach rapidly detects and discriminates different species of microorganisms via their volatile signature. In this paper, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pattern emitted in vitro by Legionella pneumophila cultures is characterized and compared to those produced by other Legionella species and by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using a gas sensor array and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Bacterial cultures were measured at the 3rd and 7th day after the incubation. Sensor array data analyzed via the K-nearest neighbours (k-NN) algorithm showed a sensitivity to Legionella pneumophila identification at around 89%. On the other hand, GC-MS identified a bouquet of VOCs, mainly alcohols and ketones, that enable the differentiation of Legionella pneumophila in respect to other waterborne microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T01:27:58Z","timestamp":1674782878000},"page":"1401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Pilot Study for Legionella pneumophila Volatilome Characterization Using a Gas Sensor Array and GC\/MS Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7811-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosamaria","family":"Capuano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Centre for Volatilomics \u2018A. D\u2019Amico\u2019, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4287-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Mansi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Paba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Marcelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Chiominto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Proietto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gordiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6050-2908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandro","family":"Catini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Centre for Volatilomics \u2018A. D\u2019Amico\u2019, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2380-1404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Paolesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Centre for Volatilomics \u2018A. D\u2019Amico\u2019, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8973-6046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Tranfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0543-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Di Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Centre for Volatilomics \u2018A. D\u2019Amico\u2019, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (2015). Linee Guida per la Prevenzione Ed il Controllo della Legionellosi, Ministry of Health."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, January 07). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/legionellosis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-656","article-title":"Classification of the Legionnaires\u2019 Disease Bacterium: Legionella pneumophila, Genus Novum, Species Nova, of the Family Legionellaceae, Familia Nova","volume":"90","author":"Brenner","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. 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