{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:31:29Z","timestamp":1771468289106,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK EPSRC","award":["4000127115\/19\/NL\/FE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000127115\/19\/NL\/FE"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000127115\/19\/NL\/FE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000127115\/19\/NL\/FE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HERAS is a tool developed in Matlab for the analysis of reflector antennas using physical optics (PO) theory. Its graphical user interface (GUI) and source code are freely available for educational and research purposes. It has the necessity of being a flexible tool to provide adaptability to system engineering requirements and can also be of interest to antenna engineers working on the design of reflector antennas. Due to the increasing demand of broadband services, satellite communications systems are becoming highly complex in order to meet connectivity requirements. To fully exploit the benefits of these systems, multidimensional optimisations are crucial, which call for an efficient estimation of the coverage characteristics. Reflector-based solutions are one of the preferred architectures for very high-throughput satellite (VHTS) systems. A detailed description of HERAS is presented in this paper which has been validated with available commercial software packages. In addition, some examples are described in which the tool has been used for the efficient estimation of VHTS systems performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T02:01:18Z","timestamp":1675044078000},"page":"1425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["HERAS: A Modular Matlab Tool Using Physical Optics for the Analysis of Reflector Antennas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-3955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Baldominos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sensors Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1091-7934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Mercader-Pellicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antenna and Sub-Millimetre Waves Section, European Space Agency, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8042-2347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Goussetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sensors Signals and Systems, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6413-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Mengali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecom Systems and Techniques Section, European Space Agency, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7971-8706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson J. G.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antenna and Sub-Millimetre Waves Section, European Space Agency, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imbriale, W.A., Gao, S.S., and Boccia, L. (2012). Space Antenna Handbook, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119945147"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palacin, B., Fonseca, N.J.G., Romier, M., Contreres, R., Angevain, J.C., Toso, G., and Mangenot, C. (2017, January 19\u201324). Multibeam antennas for very high throughput satellites in Europe: Technologies and trends. Proceedings of the 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP.2017.7928493"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Fonseca, N., Angevain, J.C., and Mangenot, C. 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