{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:49:42Z","timestamp":1760147382237,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council of Lithuania","award":["01.2.2-LMT-K-718-01-0050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.2.2-LMT-K-718-01-0050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The application of the unique properties of terahertz radiation is increasingly needed in sensors, especially in those operating at room temperature without an external bias voltage. Bow-tie microwave diodes on the base of InGaAs semiconductor structures meet these requirements. These diodes operate on the basis of free-carrier heating in microwave electric fields, which allows for the use of such sensors in millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength ranges. However, there still exists some uncertainty concerning the origin of the voltage detected across these diodes. This work provides a more detailed analysis of the detection mechanisms in InAlAs\/InGaAs selectively doped bow-tie-shaped semiconductor structures. The influence of the InAs inserts in the InGaAs layer is investigated under various illumination and temperature conditions. A study of the voltage\u2013power characteristics, the voltage sensitivity dependence on frequency in the Ka range, temperature dependence of the detected voltage and its relaxation characteristics lead to the conclusion that a photo-gradient electromotive force arises in bow-tie diodes under simultaneous light illumination and microwave radiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T02:01:18Z","timestamp":1675044078000},"page":"1441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Competition between Direct Detection Mechanisms in Planar Bow-Tie Microwave Diodes on the Base of InAlAs\/InGaAs\/InAlAs Heterostructures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5725-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Algirdas","family":"Su\u017eied\u0117lis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3816-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steponas","family":"A\u0161montas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0538-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Gradauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Aurimas","family":"\u010cer\u0161kus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Karolis","family":"Po\u017eela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7246-5021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksimas","family":"Anbinderis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/70\/8\/R02","article-title":"Imaging with terahertz radiation","volume":"70","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rep. 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