{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:32:21Z","timestamp":1762432341627,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3301400","62101048","62171030","62071038","2022M710394","2022T150053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3301400","62101048","62171030","62071038","2022M710394","2022T150053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3301400","62101048","62171030","62071038","2022M710394","2022T150053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3301400","62101048","62171030","62071038","2022M710394","2022T150053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2022YFC3301400","62101048","62171030","62071038","2022M710394","2022T150053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3301400","62101048","62171030","62071038","2022M710394","2022T150053"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is emerging as a key technology of 6G. Owing to the low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) property, discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) is helpful to improve the sensing range and suitable for high-frequency transmission. However, compared to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), the sensing accuracy of DFT-s-OFDM is relatively poor. In this paper, frequency-domain spectral shaping (FDSS) is adopted to enhance the performances of DFT-s-OFDM including sensing accuracy and PAPR by adjusting the correlation of signals. Specifically, we first establish a signal model for the ISAC system, followed by the description of performance indicators. Then, we analyze the influence of amplitude fluctuation of frequency domain signals on sensing performance, which shows the design idea of FDSS-enhanced DFT-s-OFDM. Further, a FDSS-enhanced DFT-s-OFDM framework is introduced for ISAC, where two types of FDSS filters including a pre-equalization filter and an isotropic orthogonal transform algorithm (IOTA) filter are designed. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can obtain about 4 dB performance gain in terms of sensing accuracy over DFT-s-OFDM. In addition, FDSS-enhanced DFT-s-OFDM can significantly reduce PAPR and improve the power amplifier efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T02:28:34Z","timestamp":1675045714000},"page":"1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["FDSS-Based DFT-s-OFDM for 6G Wireless Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6969-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxiong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang 050081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Electronic and Information Technology, Beijing 100041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Electronic and Information Technology, Beijing 100041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Cognition and Intelligent Control, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6605-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3149272","article-title":"A Survey on Fundamental Limits of Integrated Sensing and Communication","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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