{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:22:48Z","timestamp":1784301768440,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62073013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HKCX2022-01-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HKCX2022-01-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Advanced Aerodynamic Innovation Workstation","award":["62073013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073013"]}]},{"name":"Advanced Aerodynamic Innovation Workstation","award":["HKCX2022-01-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HKCX2022-01-006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in industrial applications. However, many of them have limited lifetimes, which has been a considerable constraint on their widespread use. As a typical application of WSNs, distributed measurement of the electric field under high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission lines also suffers from this issue. This paper first introduces the composition of the electric-field measurement system (EFMS) and its working principle. Considering the actual power supply of the system, this paper mainly introduces the composition of the wireless sensor node (WSND) and analyzes the power consumption and potential working state transformation of the WSND, together with a comprehensive study on parameters affecting the power consumption of the wireless communication unit. Moreover, an energy-efficient scheduling approach is proposed after specially designing a working sequence and the study on system parameters. The proposed approach is verified by experiments on not only the experimental line of the national HVDC test base, but also a commercial operation HVDC transmission line with the challenge of long endurance, which is considered in this paper with a new strategy. The results show that the proposed method can greatly extend the lifetime of the WSND.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T02:06:44Z","timestamp":1675217204000},"page":"1567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Research and Application of Energy-Efficient Management Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jinmeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"},{"name":"Wuhu Machinery Factory, Wuhu 241000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6840-3485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yucheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiwen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhu Machinery Factory, Wuhu 241000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Energy efficient resource allocation in wireless energy harvesting sensor networks","volume":"9","author":"Azarhava","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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