{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T01:27:27Z","timestamp":1781054847125,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Project of Huaneng Group Headquarters","award":["HNKJ21-HF197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HNKJ21-HF197"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leaks from pipes and valves are a reputational issue in industry. Maintenance of pipeline integrity is becoming a growing challenge due to the serious socioeconomic consequences. This paper presents a secondary phase transform (PHAT) cross-correlation method to improve the performance of the acoustic methods based on cross-correlation for pipeline leakage detection. Acoustic emission signals generated by pipe leakage are first captured by the sensors at different locations, and are subsequently analyzed using the cross-correlation curve to determine whether leakage is occurring. When leakage occurs, time delay estimation (TDE) is further carried out by peak search in the cross-correlation curve between the two sensor signals. In the analysis, the proposed method calculates the secondary cross-correlation function before the PHAT operation. A sinc interpolation method is then introduced for automatic searching the peak value of the cross-correlation curve. Numerical simulations and experimental results confirm the improved performance of the proposed method for noise suppression and accurate TDE compared to the basic cross-correlation method, which may be beneficial in engineering applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T02:06:44Z","timestamp":1675217204000},"page":"1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pipeline Leakage Detection Based on Secondary Phase Transform Cross-Correlation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hetao","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7253-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaneng Hunan Yueyang Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yueyang 414002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baomin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4505813","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2021.3096596","article-title":"Gas Leak-Detection and Measurement Systems: Prospects and Future Trends","volume":"70","author":"Meribout","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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