{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T17:27:14Z","timestamp":1776706034848,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42075085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075085"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42230610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230610"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41830650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41830650"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022069"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["42075085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075085"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["42230610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230610"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["41830650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41830650"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2022069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022069"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42075085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075085"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42230610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230610"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41830650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41830650"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2022069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022069"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Considered as a sensitive indicator of climate change, lake ice phenology can have significant influences on regional climate by affecting lake-atmosphere energy and water exchange. However, in situ measurements of ice phenology events are quite limited over high-elevation lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, where satellite monitoring can make up such deficiency. In this study, by a combination of AMSR-E (2002\u20132011) and AMSR-2 (2012\u20132021) passive microwave data, MODIS optimal products and in situ measurements of temperature profiles in four lakes, the ice phenology events of 40 high-elevation large lakes were derived and their inter-annual trends and influencing factors were analyzed. The freeze-up start date (FUS) mainly occurs in November-December with an average date of 9 December and the break-up end date (BUE) is concentrated in April-May with a multi-year average of 5 May. Under climate warming, 24 of the 34 (70.6%) lakes show delayed FUS at an average trend of 0.35 days\/year, and 7 (20.6%) lakes show advanced BUE (rate of change CR = \u22120.17 days\/year). The average ice coverage duration (ID) was 147 days, and 13 (38.2%) lakes shortened ID at an average rate of \u22120.33 days\/year. By synthesizing other ice phenology products, we obtained the assembled products of lake ice phenology, and found that air temperature dominates during the freeze-thaw process, with a higher dependence of BUE than that of FUS on air temperature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T01:40:25Z","timestamp":1675388425000},"page":"1661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Analysis of Ice Phenology of Middle and Large Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Land-Atmospheric Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Land-Atmospheric Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes, Shigatse 858200, China"},{"name":"China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaoming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Land-Atmospheric Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes, Shigatse 858200, China"},{"name":"China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"},{"name":"College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Kathmandu Center of Research and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingdong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0663-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.09.015","article-title":"Analysis of climate change impacts on lake ice phenology in Canada using the historical satellite data record","volume":"106","author":"Latifovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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