{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T11:59:32Z","timestamp":1764331172015,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#101028712","#22-72-10072","#EP\/R024898\/1","#075-15-2021-581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#101028712","#22-72-10072","#EP\/R024898\/1","#075-15-2021-581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#101028712","#22-72-10072","#EP\/R024898\/1","#075-15-2021-581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#101028712","#22-72-10072","#EP\/R024898\/1","#075-15-2021-581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","award":["#101028712","#22-72-10072","#EP\/R024898\/1","#075-15-2021-581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#101028712","#22-72-10072","#EP\/R024898\/1","#075-15-2021-581"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#101028712","#22-72-10072","#EP\/R024898\/1","#075-15-2021-581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#101028712","#22-72-10072","#EP\/R024898\/1","#075-15-2021-581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A multimode optical fiber supports excitation and propagation of a pure single optical mode, i.e., the field pattern that satisfies the boundary conditions and does not change along the fiber. When two counterpropagating pure optical modes are excited, they could interact through the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process. Here, we present a simple theoretical formalism describing SBS interaction between two individual optical modes selectively excited in an acoustically isotropic multimode optical fiber. Employing a weakly guiding step-index fiber approach, we have built an analytical expression for the spatial distribution of the sound field amplitude in the fiber core and explored the features of SBS gain spectra, describing the interaction between modes of different orders. In this way, we give a clear insight into the sound propagation effects accompanying SBS in multimode optical fibers, and demonstrate their specific contributions to the SBS gain spectrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T02:06:43Z","timestamp":1675649203000},"page":"1715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Brillouin Interaction between Two Optical Modes Selectively Excited in Weakly Guiding Multimode Optical Fibers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8086-8218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Fotiadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4152-0120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edik","family":"Rafailov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Korobko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.P. Kapitsa Scientific Technological Research Institute, Ulyanovsk State University, 42 Leo Tolstoy Str., 432970 Ulyanovsk, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5154-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"M\u00e9gret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Bykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Meglinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Optoelectronics and Biomedical Photonics Group, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2017.10.035","article-title":"Stimulated Brillouin scattering materials, experimental design and applications: A review","volume":"75","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. 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