{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T03:12:23Z","timestamp":1772248343971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61605144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61605144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vortex beams with orthogonality can be widely used in atmospheric applications. We numerically analyzed the statistical regularities of vortex beams propagating through a lens or an axicon with different series of turbulent air phase screens. The simulative results revealed that the distortion of the transverse intensity was sensitive to the location and the structure constant of the turbulence screen. In addition, the axicon can be regarded as a very useful optical device, since it can not only suppress the turbulence but also maintain a stable beam pattern. We further confirmed that a vortex beam with a large topological charge can suppress the influence of air turbulence. Our outcomes are valuable for many applications in the atmospheric air, especially for optical communication and remote sensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23041772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T02:06:43Z","timestamp":1675649203000},"page":"1772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Effect of Air Turbulence on Vortex Beams in Nonlinear Propagation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems, Tianjin 300387, China"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems, Tianjin 300387, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems, Tianjin 300387, China"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems, Tianjin 300387, China"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems, Tianjin 300387, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-018-0238-9","article-title":"Manipulation of polarizations for broadband terahertz waves emitted from laser plasma filaments","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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