{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:31:03Z","timestamp":1780331463667,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency (Research Core Funding)","award":["P2-00577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-00577"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency (Research Core Funding)","award":["PDC2022-133161-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133161-C31"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPlataforma edge-IOT basada en tecnolog\u00ed","award":["P2-00577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-00577"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPlataforma edge-IOT basada en tecnolog\u00ed","award":["PDC2022-133161-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133161-C31"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["P2-00577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-00577"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PDC2022-133161-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133161-C31"]}]},{"name":"NextGeneration EU\/PRTR, UE","award":["P2-00577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-00577"]}]},{"name":"NextGeneration EU\/PRTR, UE","award":["PDC2022-133161-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133161-C31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main purpose of supply chain systems based on blockchain technology is to take advantage of technology innovations to ensure that a tracked asset\u2019s audit trail is immutable. However, the challenge lies in tracking the asset among different blockchain-based supply chain systems. The model proposed in this paper has been designed to overcome the identified challenges. Specifically, the proposed model enables: (1) the asset to be tracked among different blockchain-based supply-chain systems; (2) the tracked asset\u2019s supply chain to be cryptographically verified; (3) a tracked asset to be defined in a standardized format; and (4) a tracked asset to be described with several different standardized formats. Thus, the model provides a great advantage in terms of interoperability between different blockchain-driven supply chains over other models in the literature, which will need to replicate the information in each blockchain platform they operate with, while giving flexibility to the platforms that make use of it and maintain the scalability of those logistic platforms. This work aims to examine the application of the proposed model from an operational point of view, in a scenario within the pharmaceutical sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23041962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T02:09:59Z","timestamp":1675994999000},"page":"1962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Systems, Interoperability Model in a Pharmaceutical Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4813-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeray","family":"Mezquita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BISITE Digital Innovation Hub, Department of Informatics and Automatics, University of Salamanca, Edificio Multiusos I+D+I, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6322-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bla\u017e","family":"Podgorelec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Information Processing and Communications, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7235-6151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Gil-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BISITE Digital Innovation Hub, Department of Informatics and Automatics, University of Salamanca, Edificio Multiusos I+D+I, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2829-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Corchado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BISITE Digital Innovation Hub, Department of Informatics and Automatics, University of Salamanca, Edificio Multiusos I+D+I, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.08.011","article-title":"Future challenges on the use of blockchain for food traceability analysis","volume":"107","author":"Galvez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trac Trends Anal. 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