{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:51:43Z","timestamp":1760147503154,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Terahertz massive MIMO systems can be used in the local area network (LAN) scene of maritime communication and has great application prospects. To solve the problems of excessive beam training overhead in beam tracking and beam splitting in beam aggregation, a broadband hybrid precoding (HP) is proposed. First, an additional delayer is introduced between each phase shifter and the corresponding antenna in the classical sub-connected HP structure. Then, by precisely designing the time delay of the delayer and the phase shift of the phase shifter, broadband beams with flexible and controllable coverage can be generated. Finally, the simulation results verify that the proposed HP can achieve fast-tracking and high-energy-efficient communication for multiple mobile users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23041968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T02:09:59Z","timestamp":1675994999000},"page":"1968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adaptive Beam Splitting-Based Broadband Hybrid Precoding for Terahertz Massive MIMO"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7026-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000076","article-title":"Enabling 5G on the ocean: A hybrid satellite-UAV-terrestrial network solution","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.1600306CM","article-title":"Terahertz communications: An array-of subarrays solution","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33577","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2903166","article-title":"Hybrid Precoding for Massive mmWave MIMO Systems","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2725878","article-title":"Spectrum and energy-efficient beamspace MIMO-NOMA for millimeter-wave communications using lens antenna array","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. 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