{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:48:59Z","timestamp":1778082539108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A detachable miniaturized three-element spirals radiator button antenna integrated with a compact leaky-wave wearable antenna forming a dual-band three-port antenna is proposed. The leaky-wave antenna is fabricated on a denim (\u03b5r = 1.6, tan \u03b4 = 0.006) textile substrate with dimensions of 0.37 \u03bb0 \u00d7 0.25 \u03bb0 \u00d7 0.01 \u03bb0 mm3 and a detachable rigid button of 20 mm diameter (on a PTFE substrate \u03b5r = 2.01, tan \u03b4 = 0.001). It augments users\u2019 comfort, making it one of the smallest to date in the literature. The designed antenna, with 3.25 to 3.65 GHz and 5.4 to 5.85 GHz operational bands, covers the wireless local area network (WLAN) frequency (5.1\u20135.5 GHz), the fifth-generation (5G) communication band. Low mutual coupling between the ports and the button antenna elements ensures high diversity performance. The performance of the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) are also examined. The simulation and measurement findings agree well. Low SAR, &lt;\u22120.05 of LCC, more than 9.5 dBi diversity gain, dual polarization, and strong isolation between every two ports all point to the proposed antenna being an ideal option for use as a MIMO antenna for communications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23041997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T05:51:06Z","timestamp":1676008266000},"page":"1997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A Miniaturized Full-Ground Dual-Band MIMO Spiral Button Wearable Antenna for 5G and Sub-6 GHz Communications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tale","family":"Saeidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, \u0130stinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Jamal Abdullah","family":"Al-Gburi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Telecommunication Research & Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer (FKEKK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tungal, Malacca 76100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0669-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeid","family":"Karamzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millimeter Wave Technologies, Intelligent Wireless System, Silicon Austria Labs, 4040 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bah\u00e7e\u015fehir University, Istanbul 34349, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2018.2793939","article-title":"Decoupling of a Three-Port MIMO Antenna With Different Impedances Using Reactively Loaded Dummy Elements","volume":"17","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. 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