{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:10:14Z","timestamp":1771474214145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National French Agency","award":["ANR-18-CE92-0023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE92-0023"]}]},{"name":"the National French Agency","award":["VE 483\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VE 483\/2-1"]}]},{"name":"the National French Agency","award":["LU 605\/22-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LU 605\/22-1"]}]},{"name":"the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["ANR-18-CE92-0023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE92-0023"]}]},{"name":"the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["VE 483\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VE 483\/2-1"]}]},{"name":"the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["LU 605\/22-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LU 605\/22-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose the design of a phononic crystal to sense the acoustic properties of a liquid that is constituted by an array of silicon ridges on a membrane. In contrast to other concepts, the ridges are immersed in the liquid. The introduction of a suitable cavity in the periodic array gives rise to a confined defect mode with high localization in the cavity region and strong solid\u2013liquid interaction, which make it sensitive to the acoustic properties of the liquid. By using a finite element method simulation, we theoretically study the transmission and cavity excitation of an incident flexural wave of the membrane. The observation of the vibrations of this mode can be achieved either outside the area of the phononic crystal or just above the cavity. We discuss the existence of the resonant modes, as well as its quality factor and sensitivity to liquid properties as a function of the geometrical parameters. The performance of the proposed sensor has then been tested to detect the variation in NaI concentration in a NaI\u2013water mixture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23042080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T02:14:11Z","timestamp":1676254451000},"page":"2080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Phononic Crystal Made of Silicon Ridges on a Membrane for Liquid Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Abdellatif","family":"Gueddida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Electronique, Micro\u00e9lectronique et Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS8520, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Electronique, Micro\u00e9lectronique et Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS8520, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Carpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Electronique, Micro\u00e9lectronique et Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS8520, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5776-4170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Bonhomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, UMR CNRS 7588, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4375-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Bonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, UMR CNRS 7588, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4719-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Pennec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Electronique, Micro\u00e9lectronique et Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS8520, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6983-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahram","family":"Djafari-Rouhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Electronique, Micro\u00e9lectronique et Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS8520, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.71.2022","article-title":"Acoustic Band Structure of Periodic Elastic Composites","volume":"71","author":"Kushwaha","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phys. 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