{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:49:29Z","timestamp":1765295369411,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Croatian Science Foundation for the project","award":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"]}]},{"name":"\u201cCareer Development of Young Researchers-Training of New PhDs\u201d project","award":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund\u2014the Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational Program","award":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"]}]},{"name":"Bioprospecting of the Adriatic Sea project","award":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"]}]},{"name":"University of Rijeka through the research","award":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"]}]},{"name":"Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts","award":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2019-04-8846","KK.01.1.1.01","KK.01.1.1.01.0002","UNIRI-prirod-18-102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The behavior of a new 1,3-dioctadecyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetraphenylborate (DODI-TPB) surfactant sensor was studied in single and complex mixtures of technical grade QACs\u2014benzalkonium chloride (BAC), N,N-didecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), and N,N-dioctyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (DOAC) usually used in COVID-19 disinfecting agents formulations. The results obtained with the new DODI-TPB sensor were in good agreement with data measured by a 1,3-dihexadecyl\u22121H-benzo[d]imidazol\u22123-ium-tetraphenylborate (DMI-TPB) surfactant sensor, as well as two-phase titration used as a reference method. The quantitative titrations of a two-component mixture of the cationic homologs (a) DDAC and DOAC; and (b) BAC and DOAC showed that the new DODI-TPB surfactant sensor can clearly distinguish two separate mixture components in a single potentiometric titration curve with two characteristic inflexion points. The consumption of SDS (used as a titrant) in the end-point 1 (EP 1) corresponded to the content of DDAC (or BAC), whereas the consumption in the end-point 2 (EP 2) corresponded to the total content of both cationic surfactants in the mixture. DOAC content in both mixtures can be calculated from the difference of the titrant used to achieve EP1 and EP2. The addition of nonionic surfactants resulted in the signal change decrease from 333.2 mV (1:0; no nonionic surfactant added) to 243.0 mV (1:10, w\/w). The sensor was successfully tested in ten two-component COVID-19 disinfecting formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23042126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T01:41:06Z","timestamp":1676338866000},"page":"2126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Study of Cationic Surfactants Raw Materials for COVID-19 Disinfecting Formulations by Potentiometric Surfactant Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Nikola","family":"Saka\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, 42000 Vara\u017edin, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dubravka","family":"Maduni\u0107-\u010ca\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saponia Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Foodstuff Industry, Inc., 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6218-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Markovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Jozanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00437","article-title":"Increased Use of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Beyond: Consideration of Environmental Implications","volume":"7","author":"Hora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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