{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:35:09Z","timestamp":1782858909500,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yong Elite Research Program of Harbin University of Science and Technology","award":["8402\/217045088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8402\/217045088"]}]},{"name":"Yong Elite Research Program of Harbin University of Science and Technology","award":["F201421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F201421"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8402\/217045088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8402\/217045088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F201421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F201421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Continuous monitoring of health status has the potential to enhance the quality of life and life expectancy of people suffering from chronic illness and of the elderly. However, such systems can only come into widespread use if the cost of manufacturing is low. Advancements in material science and engineering technology have led to a significant decrease in the expense of developing healthcare monitoring devices. This review aims to investigate the progress of the use of low-cost sensors in healthcare monitoring and discusses the challenges faced when accomplishing continuous and real-time monitoring tasks. The major findings include (1) only a small number of publications (N = 50) have addressed the issue of healthcare monitoring applications using low-cost sensors over the past two decades; (2) the top three algorithms used to process sensor data include SA (Statistical Analysis, 30%), SVM (Support Vector Machine, 18%), and KNN (K-Nearest Neighbour, 12%); and (3) wireless communication techniques (Zigbee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and RF) serve as the major data transmission tools (77%) followed by cable connection (13%) and SD card data storage (10%). Due to the small fraction (N = 50) of low-cost sensor-based studies among thousands of published articles about healthcare monitoring, this review not only summarises the progress of related research but calls for researchers to devote more effort to the consideration of cost reduction as well as the size of these components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23042139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T02:01:10Z","timestamp":1676426470000},"page":"2139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Healthcare Monitoring Using Low-Cost Sensors to Supplement and Replace Human Sensation: Does It Have Potential to Increase Independent Living and Prevent Disease?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhuofu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring and Control Technology and Instrumentations of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Cascioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch University Chiropractic Clinic, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Science and Education, University of South Wales, Treforest, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 1334, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2021.3092208","article-title":"Non-Invasive methods for PWV measurement in blood vessel stiffness assessment","volume":"15","author":"Fiori","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Rev. 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