{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:55:02Z","timestamp":1760147702966,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DHZK fond for behavioral cardiovascular diseases","award":["81Z0400105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81Z0400105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is a common disease of old age. However, in many cases, it can be very well prevented and counteracted with physical activity, especially high-impact exercises. Wearables have the potential to provide data that can help with continuous monitoring of patients during therapy phases or preventive exercise programs in everyday life. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of measured acceleration data at different body positions compared to accelerations at the pelvis during different jumping exercises. Accelerations at the hips have been investigated in previous studies with regard to osteoporosis prevention. Data were collected using an IMU-based motion capture system (Xsens) consisting of 17 sensors. Forty-nine subjects were included in this study. The analysis shows the correlation between impacts and the corresponding drop height, which are dependent on the respective exercise. Very high correlations (0.83\u20130.94) were found between accelerations at the pelvis and the other measured segments at the upper body. The foot sensors provided very weak correlations (0.20\u20130.27). Accelerations measured at the pelvis during jumping exercises can be tracked very well on the upper body and upper extremities, including locations where smart devices are typically worn, which gives possibilities for remote and continuous monitoring of programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23042276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T02:29:08Z","timestamp":1676860148000},"page":"2276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation of Acceleration Curves in Gravitational Direction for Different Body Segments during High-Impact Jumping Exercises"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9147-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Reinker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biomechanics, OTH Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), OTH Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0326-8574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Bl\u00e4sing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Bierl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum, OTH Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Ulbricht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Dendorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biomechanics, OTH Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), OTH Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.12.1915","article-title":"Bone Density and Fracture Risk in Men","volume":"13","author":"Melton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070064","article-title":"Long-Term Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture in Malm\u00f6","volume":"11","author":"Kanis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Osteoporos. Found. Natl. Osteoporos. Found."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3154-6","article-title":"Burden of high fracture probability worldwide: Secular increases 2010\u20132040","volume":"26","author":"McCloskey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1183","article-title":"The importance of physical activity in osteoporosis. From the molecular pathways to the clinical evidence","volume":"31","author":"Castrogiovanni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2015","article-title":"Effects of high-impact training on bone and articular cartilage: 12-month randomized controlled quantitative MRI study","volume":"29","author":"Multanen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw165","article-title":"Physical inactivity among older adults across Europe based on the SHARE database","volume":"46","author":"Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.11.002","article-title":"Use it or lose it to age: A review of bone and muscle communication","volume":"120","author":"Bonewald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2020.05.006","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity","volume":"2","author":"Woods","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sport. Med. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.06.004","article-title":"Physical activity during the coronavirus disease-2019 global pandemic","volume":"9","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2021.07.002","article-title":"Einfluss der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die ambulante Physiotherapie","volume":"165","author":"Litke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Z. F\u00fcr Evidenz Fortbild. Qual. Im Gesundh."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0541-7","article-title":"Positive effects of exercise on falls and fracture risk in osteopenic women","volume":"19","author":"Hourigan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-003-0562-3","article-title":"Physiotherapeutische Interventionen bei Osteoporose","volume":"62","author":"Swanenburg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Z. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"IDC (2020, December 21). Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak on Global Wearables Market Growth Forecast in 2019, 2020 and 2024. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1106297\/worldwide-wearables-market-growth-impacted-by-covid-19-outbreak\/."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2010.936555","article-title":"Wearable technology for biomechanics: E-textile or micromechanical sensors?","volume":"29","author":"Veltink","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"TrendForce (2020, December 21). Smartwatch Unit Shipments Worldwide from 2016 to 2022 (in Millions): Unit Shipment of Smartwatches WORLDWIDE 2016\u20132022. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/study\/15607\/wearables-statista-dossier\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0881-6","article-title":"Effect of impact exercise on bone metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Korpelainen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.10.005","article-title":"Effect of impact exercise and its intensity on bone geometry at weight-bearing tibia and femur","volume":"40","author":"Korpelainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1659-5","article-title":"Effects of high-impact exercise on bone mineral density: A randomized controlled trial in premenopausal women","volume":"16","author":"Korpelainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-0005-x","article-title":"Intensity of exercise is associated with bone density change in premenopausal women","volume":"17","author":"Korpelainen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318031c039","article-title":"Effect of impact exercise on physical performance and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"39","author":"Korpelainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0543-4","article-title":"The effect of a high-impact jumping intervention on bone mass, bone stiffness and fitness parameters in adolescent athletes","volume":"13","author":"Vlachopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-017-0162-y","article-title":"Bone mineral density in people living with HIV: A narrative review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Kruger","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-4007-8","article-title":"The interactions of physical activity, exercise and genetics and their associations with bone mineral density: Implications for injury risk in elite athletes","volume":"119","author":"Herbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"339","article-title":"Drop jumping. II. The influence of dropping height on the biomechanics of drop jumping","volume":"19","author":"Bobbert","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0482","article-title":"Effects of Drop Height on Jump Performance in Male and Female Elite Adolescent Handball Players","volume":"14","author":"Prieske","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(09)02","article-title":"Preliminary analysis of knee stress in full extension landing","volume":"68","author":"Makinejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Erlbaum. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2022.110945","article-title":"A study of the influence of the sensor sampling frequency on the performance of wearable fall detectors","volume":"193","author":"Casilari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maray, N., Ngu, A., Ni, J., Debnath, M., and Wang, L. (2023). Transfer Learning on Small Datasets for Improved Fall Detection. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031105"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.047","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/4\/2276\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:39:49Z","timestamp":1760121589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/4\/2276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s23042276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23042276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]}}}