{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T12:19:36Z","timestamp":1777292376319,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S-MIP-22-86"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-MIP-22-86"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fabry\u2013Perot laser diodes based on (Al, Ga)As and Ga(As, Bi) with single or multiple parabolic or rectangular-shaped quantum wells (QWs) emitting at the 780\u20131100 nm spectral range were fabricated and investigated for optimization of the laser QW design and composition of QWs. The laser structures were grown using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique on the n-type GaAs(100) substrate. The photolithography process was performed to fabricate edge-emitting laser bars of 5 \u03bcm by 500 \u03bcm in size. The temperature-dependent power-current measurements showed that the characteristic threshold current of the fabricated LDs was in the 60\u2013120 mA range. Light and current characteristics were almost linear up to (1.2\u20132.0) Ith. Low-frequency 10 Hz\u201320 kHz electrical and optical noise characteristics were measured in the temperature range from 70 K to 290 K and showed that the low-frequency optical and electrical noise spectra are comprised of 1\/f and Lorentzian-type components. The positive cross-correlation between optical and electrical fluctuations was observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23042282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T02:29:08Z","timestamp":1676860148000},"page":"2282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Low-Frequency Noise Characteristics of (Al, Ga)As and Ga(As, Bi) Quantum Well Structures for NIR Laser Diodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Armalyt\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justinas","family":"Glem\u017ea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vytautas","family":"Jonkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Pralgauskait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Matukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6856-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"P\u016bkien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Zelioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evelina","family":"Dudutien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnas","family":"Naujokaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrius","family":"Bi\u010di\u016bnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bronislovas","family":"\u010cechavi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-056X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Butkut\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optoelectronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31754","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.404968","article-title":"Influence of pump beam shaping and noise on performance of a direct diode-pumped ultrafast Ti: Sapphire laser","volume":"28","author":"Tahir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. 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