{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:11:49Z","timestamp":1781021509519,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 111-2221-E-324-003-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 111-2221-E-324-003-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electronic health (eHealth) is a strategy to improve the physical and mental condition of a human, collecting daily physiological data and information from digital apparatuses. Body weight and blood pressure (BP) are the most popular and important physiological data. The goal of this study is to develop a minimal contact BP measurement method based on a commercial body weight-fat scale, capturing biometrics when users stand on it. The pulse transit time (PTT) is extracted from the ballistocardiogram (BCG) and impedance plethysmogram (IPG), measured by four strain gauges and four footpads of a commercial body weight-fat scale. Cuffless BP measurement using the electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) serves as the reference method. The BP measured by a commercial BP monitor is considered the ground truth. Twenty subjects participated in this study. By the proposed model, the root-mean-square errors and correlation coefficients (r2s) of estimated systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are 7.3 \u00b1 2.1 mmHg and 4.5 \u00b1 1.8 mmHg, and 0.570 \u00b1 0.205 and 0.284 \u00b1 0.166, respectively. This accuracy level achieves the C grade of the corresponding IEEE standard. Thus, the proposed method has the potential benefit for eHealth monitoring in daily application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23042318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T02:29:08Z","timestamp":1676860148000},"page":"2318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Using Ballistocardiogram and Impedance Plethysmogram for Minimal Contact Measurement of Blood Pressure Based on a Body Weight-Fat Scale"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3923-4387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shing-Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 41349, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Rong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 41349, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7938-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Information Engineering Laboratory, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu City 965-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hung","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiun-Li","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2022, December 01). 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