{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:23:31Z","timestamp":1772555011387,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the brain source space functional connectivity from the electroencephalogram (EEG) activity of 48 participants during a driving simulation experiment where they drove until fatigue developed. Source-space functional connectivity (FC) analysis is a state-of-the-art method for understanding connections between brain regions that may indicate psychological differences. Multi-band FC in the brain source space was constructed using the phased lag index (PLI) method and used as features to train an SVM classification model to classify driver fatigue and alert conditions. With a subset of critical connections in the beta band, a classification accuracy of 93% was achieved. Additionally, the source-space FC feature extractor demonstrated superiority over other methods, such as PSD and sensor-space FC, in classifying fatigue. The results suggested that source-space FC is a discriminative biomarker for detecting driving fatigue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T02:08:34Z","timestamp":1677031714000},"page":"2383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Source-Space Brain Functional Connectivity Features in Electroencephalogram-Based Driver Fatigue Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9693-0426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khanh Ha","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Ebbatson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1741-4205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvonne","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University Hearing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7647-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3373-8178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1922-7024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rifai","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Thomas, M.J.W. 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