{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:54:46Z","timestamp":1760147686114,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFG0119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFG0119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, aiming at the problem of control and obstacle avoidance in quadrotor formation when mathematical modeling is not accurate, the artificial potential field method with virtual force is used to plan the obstacle avoidance path of quadrotor formation to solve the problem that the artificial potential field method may fall into local optimal. The adaptive predefined-time sliding mode control algorithm based on RBF neural networks enables the quadrotor formation to track the planned trajectory in a predetermined time and also adaptively estimates the unknown interference in the mathematical model of the quadrotor to improve the control performance. Through theoretical derivation and simulation experiments, this study verified that the proposed algorithm can make the planned trajectory of the quadrotor formation avoid obstacles and make the error between the true trajectory and the planned trajectory converge within a predetermined time under the premise of adaptive estimation of unknown interference in the quadrotor model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T02:08:34Z","timestamp":1677031714000},"page":"2392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Adaptive Predefined-Time Sliding Mode Control for QUADROTOR Formation with Obstacle and Inter-Quadrotor Avoidance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-1432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information and Automation Technology of Sichuan Province, Department of Automation, College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7909-465X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information and Automation Technology of Sichuan Province, Department of Automation, College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information and Automation Technology of Sichuan Province, Department of Automation, College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4703-9530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information and Automation Technology of Sichuan Province, Department of Automation, College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2004.834433","article-title":"Information flow and cooperative control of vehicle formations","volume":"49","author":"Fax","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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