{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T22:33:59Z","timestamp":1768689239810,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless sensor network (WSN) with energy-saving capabilities have drawn considerable attention in recent years, as they are the key for long-term monitoring and embedded applications. To improve the power efficiency of wireless sensor nodes, a wake-up technology was introduced in the research community. Such a device reduces the system\u2019s energy consumption without affecting the latency. Thereby, the introduction of wake-up receiver (WuRx)-based technology has grown in several sectors. The use of WuRx in a real environment without consideration of physical environmental conditions, such as the reflection, refraction, and diffraction caused by different materials, that affect the reliability of the whole network. Indeed, the simulation of different protocols and scenarios under such circumstances is a success key for a reliable WSN. Simulating different scenarios is required to evaluate the proposed architecture before its deployment in a real-world environment. The contribution of this study emerges in the modeling of different link quality metrics, both hardware and software metrics that will be integrated into an objective modular network testbed in C++ (OMNeT++) discrete event simulator afterward are discussed, with the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) for the hardware metric case and the packet error rate (PER) for the software metric study case using WuRx based on a wake-up matcher and SPIRIT1 transceiver. The different behaviors of the two chips are modeled using machine learning (ML) regression to define parameters such as sensitivity and transition interval for the PER for both radio modules. The generated module was able to detect the variation in the PER distribution as a response in the real experiment output by implementing different analytical functions in the simulator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T02:08:34Z","timestamp":1677031714000},"page":"2394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Modeling of Packet Error Rate Distribution Based on Received Signal Strength Indications in OMNeT++ for Wake-Up Receivers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5661-0914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Khalil","family":"Baazaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences, 04107 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory of Science and Technologies of Information and Communication, National School of Electronic and Telecommunication of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0103-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilef","family":"Ketata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences, 04107 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory of Science and Technologies of Information and Communication, National School of Electronic and Telecommunication of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Fakhfakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Science and Technologies of Information and Communication, National School of Electronic and Telecommunication of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faouzi","family":"Derbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences, 04107 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2320073","article-title":"Survey on the Characterization and Classification of Wireless Sensor Network Applications","volume":"16","author":"Borges","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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