{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:54:00Z","timestamp":1760147640101,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n (AEI, MICIU)","award":["ESP2017-92135-EXP","ESP2017-83921-C2-1-R","AYA2017-90675-REDC","PID2019-110610RB-C21\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","MDM-2017-0765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESP2017-92135-EXP","ESP2017-83921-C2-1-R","AYA2017-90675-REDC","PID2019-110610RB-C21\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","MDM-2017-0765"]}]},{"name":"EU FEDER funds","award":["ESP2017-92135-EXP","ESP2017-83921-C2-1-R","AYA2017-90675-REDC","PID2019-110610RB-C21\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","MDM-2017-0765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESP2017-92135-EXP","ESP2017-83921-C2-1-R","AYA2017-90675-REDC","PID2019-110610RB-C21\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","MDM-2017-0765"]}]},{"name":"Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00eda de Maeztu","award":["ESP2017-92135-EXP","ESP2017-83921-C2-1-R","AYA2017-90675-REDC","PID2019-110610RB-C21\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","MDM-2017-0765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESP2017-92135-EXP","ESP2017-83921-C2-1-R","AYA2017-90675-REDC","PID2019-110610RB-C21\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","MDM-2017-0765"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) B-modes detection is the main focus of future CMB experiments because of the valuable information it contains, particularly to probe the physics of the very early universe. For this reason, we have developed an optimized polarimeter demonstrator sensitive to the 10\u201320 GHz band in which the signal received by each antenna is modulated into a Near Infrared (NIR) laser by a Mach\u2013Zehnder modulator. Then, these modulated signals are optically correlated and detected using photonic back-end modules consisting of voltage-controlled phase shifters, a 90-degree optical hybrid, a pair of lenses, and an NIR camera. During laboratory tests, a 1\/f-like noise signal related to the low phase stability of the demonstrator has been found experimentally. To solve this issue, we have developed a calibration method that allows us to remove this noise in an actual experiment, until obtaining the required accuracy level in the measurement of polarization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T03:32:17Z","timestamp":1677036737000},"page":"2414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimization of a Microwave Polarimeter for Astronomy with Optical Correlation and Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1653-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Pascual-Cisneros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (IFCA), Avda. Los Castros s\/n, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2217-5843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (IFCA), Avda. Los Castros s\/n, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricio","family":"Vielva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (IFCA), Avda. Los Castros s\/n, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liddle, A.R., and Lyth, D.H. (2000). 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