{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:54:08Z","timestamp":1760147648820,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Keimyung University"},{"name":"Ministry of Education and National research Education of Korea"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A sudden cardiac event in patients with heart disease can lead to a heart attack in extreme cases. Therefore, prompt interventions for the particular heart situation and periodic monitoring are critical. This study focuses on a heart sound analysis method that can be monitored daily using multimodal signals acquired with wearable devices. The dual deterministic model-based heart sound analysis is designed in a parallel structure that uses two bio-signals (PCG and PPG signals) related to the heartbeat, enabling more accurate heart sound identification. The experimental results show promising performance of the proposed Model III (DDM-HSA with window and envelope filter), which had the highest performance, and S1 and S2 showed average accuracy (unit: %) of 95.39 (\u00b12.14) and 92.55 (\u00b13.74), respectively. The findings of this study are anticipated to provide improved technology to detect heart sounds and analyze cardiac activities using only bio-signals that can be measured using wearable devices in a mobile environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T05:29:46Z","timestamp":1677043786000},"page":"2423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["DDM-HSA: Dual Deterministic Model-Based Heart Sound Analysis for Daily Life Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4851-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miran","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Daegu University, Kyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2777-6349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Clairaudience Company Limited, Daegu 42403, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4584-0770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soomin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-3603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heejoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Wei, Q., Park, H., Na, Y., Jeong, D., and Lim, H. 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