{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:55:23Z","timestamp":1760147723306,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT) through R&amp;D Unit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reliable biomechanical methods to assess interlimb coordination during the double-support phase in post-stroke subjects are needed for assessing movement dysfunction and related variability. The data obtained could provide a significant contribution for designing rehabilitation programs and for their monitorisation. The present study aimed to determine the minimum number of gait cycles needed to obtain adequate values of repeatability and temporal consistency of lower limb kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic parameters during the double support of walking in people with and without stroke sequelae. Eleven post-stroke and thirteen healthy participants performed 20 gait trials at self-selected speed in two separate moments with an interval between 72 h and 7 days. The joint position, the external mechanical work on the centre of mass, and the surface electromyographic activity of the tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus muscles were extracted for analysis. Both the contralesional and ipsilesional and dominant and non-dominant limbs of participants with and without stroke sequelae, respectively, were evaluated either in trailing or leading positions. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used for assessing intra-session and inter-session consistency analysis. For most of the kinematic and the kinetic variables studied in each session, two to three trials were required for both groups, limbs, and positions. The electromyographic variables presented higher variability, requiring, therefore, a number of trials ranging from 2 to &gt;10. Globally, the number of trials required inter-session ranged from 1 to &gt;10 for kinematic, from 1 to 9 for kinetic, and 1 to &gt;10 for electromyographic variables. Thus, for the double support analysis, three gait trials were required in order to assess the kinematic and kinetic variables in cross-sectional studies, while for longitudinal studies, a higher number of trials (&gt;10) were required for kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T02:10:46Z","timestamp":1677463846000},"page":"2526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Repeatability and Temporal Consistency of Lower Limb Biomechanical Variables Expressing Interlimb Coordination during the Double-Support Phase in People with and without Stroke Sequelae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Couto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Santa Maria Health School, 4049-024 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre and Projects (NIP), Santa Maria Health School, 4049-024 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6347-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"College of Health Sciences\u2014Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade do Vale do Ave, Cooperative for Higher, Polytechnic and University Education, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalic\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physics, School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0123-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences\u2014Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade do Vale do Ave, Cooperative for Higher, Polytechnic and University Education, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalic\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Human Movement Unit (H2M), Cooperative for Higher, Polytechnic and University Education, 4760-409 Vila Nova de Famalic\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre and Projects (NIP), Santa Maria Health School, 4049-024 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Functional Sciences, School of Health of Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Santa Maria Health School, 4049-024 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre and Projects (NIP), Santa Maria Health School, 4049-024 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4279-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Crasto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Santa Maria Health School, 4049-024 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre and Projects (NIP), Santa Maria Health School, 4049-024 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9528-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, 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