{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:47:32Z","timestamp":1773125252345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF)","award":["61471306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61471306"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF)","award":["2022NSFSC0548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0548"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF)","award":["2023NSFSC0505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC0505"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSF)","award":["2020YFS0360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFS0360"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["61471306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61471306"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2022NSFSC0548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0548"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2023NSFSC0505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC0505"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2020YFS0360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFS0360"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Projects of Sichuan Province","award":["61471306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61471306"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Projects of Sichuan Province","award":["2022NSFSC0548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0548"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Projects of Sichuan Province","award":["2023NSFSC0505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC0505"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Projects of Sichuan Province","award":["2020YFS0360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFS0360"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the emergence of more and more computing-intensive and latency-sensitive applications, insufficient computing power and energy of user devices has become a common phenomenon. Mobile edge computing (MEC) is an effective solution to this phenomenon. MEC improves task execution efficiency by offloading some tasks to edge servers for execution. In this paper, we consider a device-to-device technology (D2D)-enabled MEC network communication model, and study the subtask offloading strategy and the transmitting power allocation strategy of users. The objective function is to minimize the weighted sum of the average completion delay and average energy consumption of users, which is a mixed integer nonlinear problem. We first propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm (EPSO) to optimize the transmit power allocation strategy. Then, we utilize the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the subtask offloading strategy. Finally, we propose an alternate optimization algorithm (EPSO-GA) to jointly optimize the transmit power allocation strategy and the subtask offloading strategy. The simulation results show that the EPSO-GA outperforms other comparative algorithms in terms of the average completion delay, average energy consumption, and average cost. In addition, no matter how the weight coefficients of delay and energy consumption change, the average cost of the EPSO-GA is the least.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T02:10:46Z","timestamp":1677463846000},"page":"2565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Joint Optimization of Multi-User Partial Offloading Strategy and Resource Allocation Strategy in D2D-Enabled MEC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8912-7950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongping","family":"Yong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobile Internet of Things and Radio Frequency Identification Technology Key Laboratory of Mianyang (MIOT&RFID), Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"RFID & IOT Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6343-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobile Internet of Things and Radio Frequency Identification Technology Key Laboratory of Mianyang (MIOT&RFID), Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobile Internet of Things and Radio Frequency Identification Technology Key Laboratory of Mianyang (MIOT&RFID), Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"RFID & IOT Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mobile Internet of Things and Radio Frequency Identification Technology Key Laboratory of Mianyang (MIOT&RFID), Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"RFID & IOT Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3590","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2611964","article-title":"Dynamic computation offloading for mobile-edge computing with energy harvesting devices","volume":"34","author":"Mao","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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